317results about How to "Reduce smog" patented technology

Described herein are the materials, mechanisms and procedures for optimizing various performance parameters of HPDLC optical devices in order to meet differing performance requirements. These optimization tailoring techniques include control and independent optimization of switchable HPDLC optical devices to meet the demanding requirements of anticipated applications for, inter alia, the telecommunications and display industries. These techniques include optimization of diffraction efficiency, i.e., index modulation, polarization dependence control, haze, cosmetic quality, control of response and relaxation time, voltage driving for on and off switching, and material uniformity. This control and independent optimization tailors properties of switchable HPDLC optical devices according to the specific requirements of the application of the switchable HPDLC optical device. The invention disclosed herein retains the desirable attributes of the multi-functional acrylate system for forming HPDLC optical devices, but adds new materials to the acrylate system and / or new process control to the recording to optimize performance parameters as may be needed for specific applications. This results in high optical quality switchable holograms with good diffraction efficiency and low, stable switching voltage.

A coated article is provided which may be heat treated (e.g., thermally tempered) in certain instances. In certain example embodiments, an interlayer of or including a metal oxide such as tin oxide is provided under an infrared (IR) reflecting layer so as to be located between respective layers comprising silicon nitride and zinc oxide. It has been found that the use of such a tin oxide inclusive interlayer results in significantly improved mechanical durability, thermal stability and / or haze characteristics.

Described herein are the materials, mechanisms and procedures for optimizing various performance parameters of HPDLC optical devices in order to meet differing performance requirements. These optimization tailoring techniques include control and independent optimization of switchable HPDLC optical devices to meet the demanding requirements of anticipated applications for, inter alia, the telecommunications and display industries. These techniques include optimization of diffraction efficiency, i.e., index modulation, polarization dependence control, haze, cosmetic quality, control of response and relaxation time, voltage driving for on and off switching, and material uniformity. This control and independent optimization tailors properties of switchable HPDLC optical devices according to the specific requirements of the application of the switchable HPDLC optical device. The invention disclosed herein retains the desirable attributes of the multi-functional acrylate system for forming HPDLC optical devices, but adds new materials to the acrylate system and / or new process control to the recording to optimize performance parameters as may be needed for specific applications. This results in high optical quality switchable holograms with good diffraction efficiency and low, stable switching voltage.

Described herein are the materials, mechanisms and procedures for optimizing various performance parameters of HPDLC optical devices in order to meet differing performance requirements. These optimization tailoring techniques include control and independent optimization of switchable HPDLC optical devices to meet the demanding requirements of anticipated applications for, inter alia, the telecommunications and display industries. These techniques include optimization of diffraction efficiency, i.e., index modulation, polarization dependence control, haze, cosmetic quality, control of response and relaxation time, voltage driving for on and off switching, and material uniformity. This control and independent optimization tailors properties of switchable HPDLC optical devices according to the specific requirements of the application of the switchable HPDLC optical device. The invention disclosed herein retains the desirable attributes of the multi-functional acrylate system for forming HPDLC optical devices, but adds new materials to the acrylate system and / or new process control to the recording to optimize performance parameters as may be needed for specific applications. This results in high optical quality switchable holograms with good diffraction efficiency and low, stable switching voltage.

An absorbing layer of a low-E coating is designed to cause the coating to have a more neutral and / or green color at normal and / or certain off-axis viewing angles. In certain example embodiments, the metallic or substantially metallic absorbing layer (e.g., NiCr) is from about 20-30 angstroms (Å) thick; this thickness has been found to unexpectedly provide less red and more neutral coloration for the coated article at certain off-axis viewing angles (e.g., at a 45 degree off-axis viewing angle). In certain example embodiments, the absorbing layer is provided between first and second nitride layers in order to reduce or prevent oxidation thereof during heat treatment thereby permitting predictable coloration to be achieved following the heat treatment. Coated articles according to certain example embodiments of this invention may be used in the context of insulating glass (IG) window units, vehicle windows, other types of windows, or in any other suitable application.

An absorbing layer of a low-E coating is designed to cause the coating to have a more neutral and / or green color at normal and / or certain off-axis viewing angles. In certain example embodiments, the metallic or substantially metallic absorbing layer (e.g., NiCr) is from about 20-30 angstroms (Å) thick; this thickness has been found to unexpectedly provide less red and more neutral coloration for the coated article at certain off-axis viewing angles (e.g., at a 45 degree off-axis viewing angle). In certain example embodiments, the absorbing layer is provided between first and second nitride layers in order to reduce or prevent oxidation thereof during heat treatment thereby permitting predictable coloration to be achieved following the heat treatment. Coated articles according to certain example embodiments of this invention may be used in the context of insulating glass (IG) window units, vehicle windows, other types of windows, or in any other suitable application.

It has been discovered that the properties of sheet or film materials or structures can be improved by co-extruding a rubber-impact modified heterophasic copolymer core layer with at least a second polyolefin. The second polyolefin may be a Ziegler-Natta catalyzed polyethylene (ZN PE), Ziegler-Natta catalyzed polypropylene random copolymer (ZN PP RCP), a metallocene catalyzed polypropylene random copolymer (mPP RCP), a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and / or a metallocene catalyzed medium density polyethylene (mMDPE). Improvements include, but are not necessarily limited to, reduced haze and increased gloss. These sheet or film materials may be co-extruded with other resins or laminated with other materials after extrusion.

A clarifying agent composition comprises a diacetal powder and an organosilane treated fume silica having a pH value of 5.5 to 8, measured in a 4% w / w dispersion in 1:1 mixture of water-methanol. The diacetal has the general structure formula (I), (II), (III), (IV) or (V),wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 carbalkoxy, F, Cl, and Br; a is 0, 1, 2 or 3; b is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and n is 0 or 1. The organosilane treated fume silica is dispersed in the diacetal powder and being 0.05˜50% by weight the clarifying agent composition.This invention also intents to provide a new manufacturing method for preparing superfine powdery diacetal composition with high dispersion characteristic the use of said compositions for preparing polyolefin plastic article without the visible white spots on the surface of the corresponding article.

Biaxially oriented polyester films including polyester polymer, a carbodiimide hydrolysis stabilizer, and a UV absorber are described. The polyester films have a carboxyl end group concentration of 5-20 equivalents per ton, and a haze value of 2% or less. The films exhibit superior transparency and possess stable light transmission characteristics. Methods of making the films and articles produced from the films are also described.

A specific combination of two different polyolefin clarifying and nucleating agents, namely 3,4-dimethyldibenzylidene sorbitol and p-methyldibenzylidene sorbitol is provided. Such a combination surprisingly provides improved clarification and crystallization temperatures to polypropylene articles and formulations, better than bis-p-methyldibenzylidene sorbitol alone and equivalent or better than 3,4-dimethyldibenzylidene sorbitol. Such a combination of compounds thus permits the utilization of a new additive for the purpose of modifying polyolefin properties, such as polypropylene clarification and nucleation. The inventive combination may be introduced within any polyolefin composition, again preferably polypropylene, which may then be molded into any shape or form. A method of producing a polyolefin plastic utilizing the inventive combination of compounds is also provided.

The present invention provides an optical element having an optical film, the optical element comprising a support frame having a shaft therein, the support frame being provided around a perimeter of the optical element and the optical film having slots on a periphery thereon, the periphery of the optical film being provided on the support frame. The invention further provides a pin provided in each of the slots and protruding into the support frame and slidable on the shaft by a controlled tensile force and a spring mechanism that is slidable on the shaft for providing the controlled tensile force to the optical film, wherein the optical film is an asymmetric diffuser.

The invention discloses a device for eliminating haze and atmospheric pollutants. Appropriately preheated atmosphere with pollutants flows through a capillary tube array and is introduced into a liquid adsorbent, the pollutants in the atmosphere inside formed bubbles are adsorbed or dissolved by the surface of the liquid inside the bubble, and then atmosphere purification is achieved. The purification is applicable to atmospheric suspended grains of various diameters, and pm2.5 purification can be thoroughly achieved. To enhance the purification effect and the use convenience, the device is provided with function components such as a stirring rod with a bubble cutting steel wire and a spiral belt, and a waste liquid sucking chamber. The device can be separately used and can be also used with other devises in series. The device can be mounted on various carrying tools such as a vehicle, and due to the position change, the haze cleaning places can be changed at appropriate time, and the movement airflow of the carrying tool can be used as the power for eliminating the haze. The device can be used for purifying air at fixed points. When the device is used together with dust cleaning equipment, pm2.5 purification in polluted enterprises can be achieved. With special liquid adsorbent, the device can be used in special purification and professional equipment.

A compound represented by the following formula (1) has sufficient solubility, a wide usable concentration range, and excellent haze-lowering performance. In the formula, L1 to L6 represent a single bond, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, etc; Sp1 to Sp4 represent a single bond or alkylene of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; A1 and A2 represent trivalent or tetravalent aromatic hydrocarbon or heterocyclic; T represents the following formulae, etc; Hb represent perfluoroalkyl of 2 to 30 carbon atoms; m and n are 2 or 3; and o and p are an integer of 0 or more.

The present invention provides a method of making a coated article, including the steps of: (A) providing a substrate; (B) depositing one or more dielectric layers over the substrate, the dielectric layers comprising: (i) a first dielectric film having at least one film of zinc oxide, silicon oxide, tin oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitrate, or an oxide of an alloy of zinc and tin having zinc in a weight percent range of 10 to 90 and tin in a weight percent range of 90 to 10, and (ii) a second dielectric film deposited over the first dielectric film, the second dielectric film having at least: a zinc oxide, tin oxide film, wherein the zinc oxide, tin oxide film has tin in a weight percent range of greater than 0 to less than 10 and the majority of the balance being zinc; and (C) depositing one or more infrared reflective layers on at least one of the dielectric layers.

A composition having a polythiol reactant and an alkenyl silane reactant which are combined to form a polysulfide polysilane. In the process, the reactants are combined in a thiol-ene addition process driven by UV radiation. The polysulfide polysilane is then hydrolyzed and may be combined with other hydrolyzed compounds. For coatings, the polysulfide polysilane is hydrolyzed and may optionally be combined with nanoparticles. For bulk materials, the polysulfide polysilane is hydrolyzed, concentrated and heated to form a high refractive index material which can be used to form lenses.

Provided are a liquid crystal film, a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal film, a method of controlling an average tilt angle of the liquid crystal film, a polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal display device. A liquid crystal film that has excellent properties including durability and an optical property and is capable of being effectively used for various uses may be provided. In addition, the physical properties of the liquid crystal film may be easily controlled according to a desired use.

A process for the preparation of polyethylene terephthalate by making use of non antimony catalysts is described. The Ti complex catalyst is pre-dispersed in the polymer matrix selected from PET, PBT, PCTG, PETG, PCT, PEN, PPT, PTT or any other related polyesters and prepared as a master batch. The key feature of the process is that the polyester obtained is having good whiteness, as against the yellowness normally encountered with Ti based catalysts, and also the polyester has very good clarity with minimum haze.

A cholesteric liquid-crystal mixture containing a compound represented by the general formula (Ia), a compound represented by the general formula (Ib), a fluorine-containing horizontal alignment agent and a polymerization initiator is capable of forming a film which is prevented from precipitation of liquid-crystal compounds therein, of which the haze is reduced and which has a broad reflection width.Z1—Y1-A1-Y3-M1-Y4-A2-Y2—Z2  General Formula (Ia)Z3—Y5-A3-Y7-M2-P  General Formula (Ib)

The invention provides an air cooling-wet cooling combined type water-saving fog-dispersing cooling tower, which belongs to the field of cooling equipment. The objective of the invention is to overcome the problems of a clumsy overall structure, waste of water resources and a short operation cycle of conventional industrial circulating water cooling towers. According to the invention, one to a plurality of air coolers are arranged on the main body frame of the cooling tower; the air coolers comprise 1 to 10 open circulating water gas-liquid orthogonal membrane plate type air coolers, and the upper parts of the open circulating water gas-liquid orthogonal membrane plate type air coolers correspond to nozzles of a primary water distribution and spray system; a mixed gas chamber is arranged in the cavity of the main body of the cooling tower and between the pedestal of the open circulating water gas-liquid orthogonal membrane plate type air coolers and a top air duct and a bottom tower body base located at two sides; adjustable louvers are arranged on the air inlets of the main body of the cooling tower and on the air inlets of the air coolers; and the air outlets of the open circulating water gas-liquid orthogonal membrane plate type air coolers are communicated with the mixed gas chamber in the main body of the cooling tower. The air cooling-wet cooling combined type water-saving fog-dispersing cooling tower has a simple and practical overall structure and is applicable to cooling of industrial circulating water through combined usage of an air cooling section and a wet cooling section.

The invention discloses a method of cultivating rice by layer construction and utilization of straw and soil and solves the problems of crop stalk returning, soil aeration and water-fertilizer coupling. The method includes the steps of 1, performing a bed-furrow project on a rice field for the whole year; 2, performing moisture management before each season of crop harvesting; 3, treating stalks of crops of each season; 4, clearing beds and furrows and spreading soil; 5, planting crops; 6, performing field management; 7, harvesting the crops. The method has the advantages that the soil arable layer structure is changed, and a mud layer, a straw layer and a soil layer are formed from top to bottom; the method is good for deeply placing chemical fertilizers and improving availability of the fertilizers; water content of bed soil is decreased, soil aeration is improved, and availability of natural rainfall is improved; the rice field production process is free of tillage, straw burning and field steeping, ecological benefits are significant, operational energy consumption is reduced, haze is decreased, and irrigation water is decreased.

A coated article is provided which may be heat treated (e.g., thermally tempered) in certain instances. In certain example embodiments, an interlayer of or including a metal oxide such as tin oxide is provided under an infrared (IR) reflecting layer so as to be located between respective layers comprising silicon nitride and zinc oxide. It has been found that the use of such a tin oxide inclusive interlayer results in significantly improved mechanical durability, thermal stability and / or haze characteristics. In certain example embodiments, a zinc oxide inclusive layer is provide over an IR reflecting layer in order to improve thermal stability. A zirconium oxide overcoat may also be provided in certain example instances.

The present invention pertains to a heterogeneous ethylene / αolefin copolymer having a relatively high melt index range (I2 from 1.1 to 1.6 dg / min.), low density (0.915 to 0.919 g / cc) and narrow molecular weight distribution (I10 / I2 from 7.0 to 7.7), and highly separated composition distribution as determined by SCBD; a process for making such a copolymer; blends thereof with additional polymers; and fabricated articles, especially films, made there from.

The present invention provides a photosensitive composition for an optical element that has stable optical properties, i.e. for which the performance of a phase difference controlling functional layer does not decrease upon heating when manufacturing color filters used in an image display apparatus such as a liquid crystal display, and cracking or the like does not occur upon ITO sputtering in an electrode establishing process, an optical element using the photosensitive composition, and a method of manufacturing the optical element. The photosensitive composition of the present invention is a photosensitive composition comprising at least a polymerizable liquid crystal material, a photopolymerization initiator, a crosslinking agent, and a solvent, wherein the crosslinking agent is at least one selected from compounds having at least two alkylol groups therein and compounds having at least two alkoxy groups therein. The optical element of the present invention is an optical element having a supporting material, and a phase difference controlling functional layer that is provided on the supporting material and comprises a polymerizable liquid crystal material cured having a predetermined liquid crystal regularity, wherein the phase difference controlling functional layer is formed using the above photosensitive composition. Moreover, the method of manufacturing an optical element of the present invention is a method of manufacturing an optical element having a supporting material, and a phase difference controlling functional layer that is provided on the supporting material and comprises a polymerizable liquid crystal material cured having a predetermined liquid crystal regularity, the method comprising applying the above photosensitive composition onto the supporting material, irradiating with ultraviolet radiation with the polymerizable liquid crystal material aligned in a liquid crystal state, and then carrying out heating treatment so as to crosslink, whereby the phase difference controlling functional layer is formed.

The invention discloses a double-cropping rice based ecological ditch cultivation method for triple-cropping winter crops, aiming to solve the problem about crop straw returning to field, soil aeration and water and fertilizer coupling. The double-cropping rice based ecological ditch cultivation method includes the steps of 1), executing ditching engineering in a late rice field; 2), performing water management before harvesting late rice; 3), treating late rice stalks; 4), utilizing a chained ditcher to clean ditches and spread out mud; 5), planting winter crops; 6), performing field management; 7), harvesting the winter crops. The double-cropping rice based ecological ditch cultivation method has the advantages that an arable layer structure of soil is changed; full amount field returning and deep burying treatment of the crop straws can be realized at one step, and meanwhile, fertilizer is deeply applied, utilization rate of the fertilizer can be increased; water content of ditch soil is lowered, soil aeration is improved, and utilization rate of natural precipitation can be improved; no-tillage and non-straw burning of the winter crops are realized, and ecological effect is obvious in that operation energy consumption, haze and irrigation water can be reduced.

The invention discloses a fuel rod and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying primary mixing treatment on semi-coke powder, biomass powder, a combustion improver, a sulfur-fixing agent and bentonite to obtain a first mixed material; carrying out secondary mixing treatment on the first mixed material and a binder to obtain a second mixed material; molding the second mixed material by virtue of a looping-model molding machine to obtain a molded material and drying the molded material to obtain the fuel rod. The fuel rod prepared by the method has the characteristics of low volatile components, low content of sulfur and high calorific value and is cheap, and thus the fuel rod can replace the blind coal to be applied in suburban villages or rural areas in winter for heating and cooking so that fog and haze can be significantly reduced and the air quality is effectively improved.

A cellulose acylate film comprising at least one compound having a negative birefringence and satisfying 30 nm<Re<100 nm and 80 nm<Rth<300 nm is excellent in the wet heat durability of Re and Rth.

The invention relates to blends of polyamides in polyesters, a method for forming such compositions, and to containers made from such compositions. Specifically the compositions have less haze and transparency than previous blends. The blends can be used as passive gas barriers, and / or active oxygen scavengers with the addition of a transition metal catalyst. The invention seeks to obtain balanced refractive indices for the polyamides / polyester compositions. A method to blend the copolyester and polyamides and orient the blend to minimize the haze, thereby forming an oriented article, is also described and claimed. These articles have excellent gas barrier properties.