The invention discloses a device for evaluating the explosion risk of sulphide ore dust. The device comprises a box body, and an ignition temperature testing unit, an oxidation speed testing unit and a dust diffusion testing unit which are arranged in the box body, the invention also discloses a method for evaluating the explosion risk of the sulphide ore dust. The method comprises the following steps: 1, adding a sulphide ore dust sample; 2, testing the ignition temperature; 3, oxidation test; 4, testing dispersion performance; and 5, evaluating the explosion risk of the sulphide ore dust. According to the device disclosed by the invention, data of ignition temperature, oxidation performance and dispersion performance are detected and obtained by arranging each test unit, so that a sulphide ore dust explosion risk evaluation result is obtained, and the result accuracy is improved; according to the evaluation method, related indexes of the ignition stage, the explosion development stage and the explosion stage of sulphide ore dust explosion are evaluated respectively and then comprehensively evaluated, the evaluation method is comprehensive and close to the real situation, and the accuracy and reliability of the risk evaluation result of sulphide ore dust explosion are improved.