The invention pertains to the technical field of environment protection, and particularly relates to a simple sewage treatment device of an alternate aeration basin and a treatment technique thereof, wherein the treatment device comprises the aeration basin, an aerator, a water inlet pipeline, a water outlet pipeline, a sludge discharge pipeline, a communicating pipeline and a control valve. In implementation, a natural pond or flat field in the downwind direction in a built-up area of villages and towns is selected, and the alternate aeration basin is formed by excavation and mounding; an impermeable membrane is laid around the alternate aeration basin, bricks are laid on the impermeable membrane after the communicating pipeline, the water inlet pipeline, the water outlet pipeline and the sludge discharge pipeline are installed, and cement mortar is plastered, thus completing the construction of the basin body. Then, the aerator or a mixer, an electric/pneumatic valve and the control system are installed, and then the sewage treatment device can be put into service and used. The sewage treatment device adopts a timing control mode of set time or a mode of online feedback real-time control for sewage treatment. The sewage treatment device has high treatment efficiency, small occupied area, and has low capital investment and short construction cycle compared with UNITANK and alternative oxidation ditches of three ditches; and through matched set time or real-time control of operation, the system can be suitable for shifty water quality and quantity of sewage in villages and towns, and can runs automatically.