The invention discloses a smart contract test method based on a path coverage sufficiency criterion. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, inputting byte codes of a smart contract and ABIsof the smart contract; step 2, generating a control flow chart according to the byte code; step 3, using an EPP algorithm for analyzing the control flow chart, finding out blocks needing instrumentation, and conducting instrumentation; step 4, deploying the instrumented smart contract on the trace; and step 5, generating a test case set meeting requirements according to a path coverage test sufficiency criterion. Compared with other technologies for analyzing the source code, the byte code of the smart contract is analyzed, and the method is more efficient. According to the method, the test case is automatically generated for the smart contract, whether the sufficient test case set is generated or not is judged according to the adequacy criterion of path coverage, errors possibly existingin the smart contract code are fully exposed as much as possible, the vulnerability detection effect is improved, and the labor cost is reduced.