This application relates to a programmable 3D / 4D printable hydrogel mesoporous
scaffold with adjustable mechanical and topological properties, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of food
biosynthesis technology. The preparation method of the hydrogel mesoporous
scaffold of this application includes the following steps: first, obtaining a printable composite hydrogel ink through a one-pot delayed double crosslinking process; then, transferring the composite hydrogel ink to an
extrusion 3D printer for printing to obtain a preliminary
scaffold product with a three-dimensional porous structure; finally, heat treatment to obtain the scaffold. This
hydrogel scaffold possesses excellent mechanical properties, a concentrated pore size distribution, adjustable
porosity, and exhibits a customizable ordered hierarchical structure and high
water retention capacity; it also exhibits environmental responsiveness, and the non-uniform swelling behavior of the hydrogel mesoporous scaffold can be programmed by adjusting the
gelatin concentration, making it suitable as a smart scaffold for producing
cultured meat.