The present invention provides a full-nutrient food formula containing short peptides for populations with muscle attenuation syndromes. The formula food with a special medical use is prepared from the food-derived short peptides as a main raw material, contains concentrate extracts of traditional medibly and edibly homogenous Chinese herbal medicines of coix seeds, semen ziziphi spinosae, mulberries, apricot kernels, white hyacinth beans, licorice, etc., and then combines calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, creatine, oligosaccharides, various vitamins and minerals to form the compound formula. The formula can be used to prepare powdery or granular or liquid food. The food prepared according to the formula can provide high-quality proteins, vitamins and minerals required for the populations with the muscle attenuation syndromes in time, does not increase liver and kidney burdens, and at the same time, can significantly increase muscle strength and LBM, increase protein synthesis,prevent muscle loss and atrophy, inhibit muscle protein degradation, and protect muscle tissues. The provided formula food containing the short peptides with the special medical use is suitable for the populations with the muscle attenuation syndromes.