The invention relates to the technical field of spaceflight launching satellites, and concretely relates to a compression and release device based on memory alloy. The device comprises a shell, a sliding block, a driving block, a split nut, a driving spring cover, a driving spring, a connecting rod mechanism, a small ball control mechanism and a driving mechanism, wherein the sliding block is arranged in the shell, the driving spring and the driving spring cover are arranged in the containing cavity of the sliding block from bottom to top, the split nut is in threaded connection with the driving spring cover, the split nut is connected with the sliding block through the connecting rod mechanism, and the connecting rod mechanism pulls the split nut when the sliding block moves downwards, so that locking of the driving spring cover is relieved; the driving mechanism, the driving block and the small ball control mechanism are arranged at the bottom of the shell from bottom to top, and the small ball control mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the lower end of the sliding block and used for limiting axial movement of the sliding block; and the driving mechanism is used for driving the driving block to rotate to a preset position. According to the invention, the task requirement of unfolding the satellite antenna is met, and the reliability and safety of compressing and releasing the satellite antenna are improved.