The invention discloses a synthetic method of 3-chloro-L-alanine methyl ester hydrochloride. The method comprises the following steps: adding L-serine into a first solvent, performing cooling to 5-10DEG C, adding thionyl chloride A dropwise, performing heating to 38 DEG C after adding is completed, performing a reaction for 48 h, performing cooling crystallization on the mixture, performing centrifugation and performing drying to obtain L-serine methyl ester hydrochloride; and adding the L-serine methyl ester hydrochloride into a second solvent, adding thionyl chloride B dropwise, performinga sectional temperature control reaction, performing cooling to 15-25 DEG C after the reaction is finished, adding water for layering, and treating the obtained water phase to obtain the 3-chloro-L-alanine methyl ester hydrochloride. By adopting the sectional temperature control mode, the method has the advantages of short reaction time, mild reaction conditions, a high yield and fewer byproducts,and is convenient for enhancing the yield and product purity; the L-serine methyl ester hydrochloride does not need to be purified, so that the process is optimized; and water is added for layering,an organic phase is extracted for multiple times, adsorption is performed by activated carbon in a water phase, so that the product yield and the product purity are further improved.