51 results about "Slurry reactor" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for hydrodechlorination and desiliconization of waste plastic oil, which comprises the following steps: removing Cl and Si elements from the waste plastic oil by using a slurry reactor under the action of a hydrogenation catalyst and hydrogen to finally obtain Cllt; 0.2 [mu] g / g, Silt; 1 [mu] g / g of a waste plastic oil product; the hydrogenation catalyst is a compound catalyst formed by an oil-soluble catalyst and a powder catalyst subjected to alkali treatment, and after recycling, the inactivated catalyst is subjected to roasting, primary alkali treatment, secondary alkali treatment and grinding and then regenerated to obtain the powder catalyst; therefore, the problems that in the removal process of Si and Cl elements in the waste plastic oil, catalytic materials, devices and equipment and product properties are affected, and hydrodechlorination and desiliconization catalysts are difficult to regenerate are solved.

The invention discloses a superconducting carbon black co-production method based on directional refining of catalytic slurry oil and a product thereof, and belongs to the technical field of carbon black preparation, and the method comprises the following steps: mixing the catalytic slurry oil and catalytic circulating oil to obtain mixed slurry oil, and adding a deliming agent for settling separation to obtain purified slurry oil; carrying out continuous solvent extraction on the obtained purified oil slurry to respectively obtain an aromatic component and a heavy component; carrying out thermal polycondensation reaction on the obtained aromatic component in a magnetic field environment in the presence of a catalyst and a cross-linking agent, and then carrying out supercritical fluid extraction to obtain spinnable mesophase pitch; carrying out slurry reactor hydrogenation deconstruction on the obtained heavy component to obtain stable micromolecular carbon black raw oil, mixing the carbon black raw oil with a nitrogen source and a template precursor, carbonizing, and carrying out acid pickling to obtain the superconducting carbon black; through a heavy oil slurry reactor hydrogenation deconstruction'doping-template 'synergistic carbonization strategy, the superconductive carbon black with nitrogen / phosphorus co-doped and developed hierarchical porous structure is constructed in situ by a one-step method.

The invention discloses a method for extracting heavy metals from slurry reactor hydrogenated residual oil, which comprises the following steps: by taking residual oil as a raw material and biomass camellia oleifera shells as a filter material, removing the heavy metals in the slurry reactor residual oil by adopting a reduced pressure-hot suction filtration method; and then the filter residues are subjected to air roasting and alkali liquor leaching in sequence, and vanadium, molybdenum and nickel in the residual oil are separated and recycled. By investigating the removal effects of factors such as different solvents, proportions of different solvents and raw materials, different filter material dosages, different temperatures and the like on metal vanadium, molybdenum and nickel, the ignition loss of a filter cake containing 2% of biomass filter materials is 98.01% under the conditions that the roasting temperature is 550 DEG C and the roasting time is 6 h, the optimal metal recovery effect is achieved, the precipitation rate of molybdenum is 93.12%, the precipitation rate of vanadium is 81.25%, and the precipitation rate of nickel is 81.25%. And the precipitation rate of nickel is 85.56%.

A slurry reactor system including a slurry reactor configured to convert, under slurry hydroconversion conditions, a slurry reactor content flowing upwards and containing a feedstock including one or more of fats, oils and greases, a slurry hydroconversion catalyst and a hydrogen stream to a slurry hydroconversion effluent containing a slurry phase effluent including catalyst particles and a liquid product and a vapor phase effluent including a hydroconversion product, and one or more separation units in fluid communication with the slurry reactor to receive the slurry hydroconversion effluent. A given one of the one or more separation units is configured to separate the slurry phase effluent from the vapor phase effluent.

1. A method for transitioning two different catalysts during the production of a polypropylene homopolymer or copolymer in a sequential multi-stage polymerization reaction, said method comprising: a) polymerizing propylene and optionally a comonomer in the presence of a first catalyst in a multi-stage polymerization reactor system comprising a prepolymerization reactor followed by a slurry reactor and then a gas phase reactor; b) discontinuing the supply of the first catalyst to the prepolymerization reactor; c) subsequently introducing propylene, optionally a comonomer, and a second catalyst into said prepolymerization reactor, and further introducing an aluminum alkyl into said polymerization reactor simultaneously with said introduction of said second catalyst; d) polymerizing propylene and optionally a comonomer in the presence of a second catalyst in said multi-stage polymerization reactor system. The process includes the steps of: wherein the first catalyst is a Ziegler-Natta catalyst and the second catalyst is a single-site catalyst; and wherein the amount of aluminum alkyl supplied in step c) is 0.5 to 10.0 g per ton of total propylene supplied into the prepolymerization reactor and the slurry reactor in steps c) and d). The method.

A slurry reactor system including a slurry reactor configured to convert, under slurry hydroconversion conditions, a slurry reactor content flowing upwards and containing a feedstock including one or more of fats, oils and greases, a slurry hydroconversion catalyst and a hydrogen stream to a slurry hydroconversion effluent containing a slurry phase effluent including catalyst particles and a liquid product and a vapor phase effluent including a hydroconversion product, and a separation unit internal to the slurry reactor, the separation unit being configured to separate at least a portion of the vapor phase effluent from the slurry hydroconversion effluent to produce a mixture of vapor and the slurry hydroconversion effluent having a reduced vapor phase content. The separation unit is configured to use a pump to recirculate the mixture of vapor and the slurry hydroconversion effluent flowing downwards in the slurry reactor to be combined with the slurry reactor content.

A slurry reactor system including a slurry reactor configured to convert, under slurry hydroconversion conditions, a slurry reactor content flowing upwards and containing a feedstock including one or more of fats, oils and greases, a slurry hydroconversion catalyst and a hydrogen stream to a slurry hydroconversion effluent containing a slurry phase effluent including catalyst particles and a liquid product and a vapor phase effluent including a hydroconversion product, and a separation unit external to the slurry reactor to separate the slurry phase effluent from the vapor phase effluent to produce a recycled slurry stream. An inlet of the separation unit is in fluid communication with an outlet of the slurry reactor to receive the slurry hydroconversion effluent from the slurry reactor and an outlet of the separation unit is in fluid communication with an inlet of the slurry reactor to receive the recycled slurry stream from the separation unit.

The invention discloses a novel slurry bed reactor and a reaction method. The novel slurry bed reactor comprises a reactor shell, a spiral filler, a fluid distribution device and a reactor base. The core of the invention lies in that the spiral filler can promote liquid to be condensed to form a liquid bridge, and the liquid bridge flows downwards along a spiral track, so that a unique semi-constrained liquid flowing mode is constructed. In the mode, gas-phase molecules firstly realize efficient mass transfer at the spiral liquid film and then diffuse to the surface of the catalyst for reaction. The design effectively solves the problems of low mass transfer efficiency, high pressure drop, non-uniform fluid distribution, serious flow back mixing and the like of the traditional slurry bed, and obviously improves the reaction performance. The reactor integrates a distribution and temperature control system, and is suitable for various catalytic reactions and gas-liquid mass transfer strengthening processes.

The utility model discloses a system for removing coke residues blocked by a slurry reactor. The system comprises liquid supply equipment, rotary power equipment and discharge equipment, the rotary power equipment can be inserted into the slurry bed reactor from top to bottom for drilling and is provided with a first fixing part which can be fixed with the upper part of the slurry bed reactor; the liquid supply equipment is fixed with the rotary power equipment so as to provide hydraulic power for the rotary power equipment; the discharging equipment is provided with a second fixing part which can be fixed with the lower part of the slurry bed reactor, and is used for discharging substances formed after the coke slag is removed from the slurry bed reactor; the liquid supply equipment, the rotary power equipment, the slurry bed reactor and the discharge equipment are sequentially connected and communicated to form a coke residue removal channel together. According to the system for removing the blocked coke residues in the slurry bed, the blocked coke residues in the slurry bed reactor can be safely and rapidly removed on the basis of low cost.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a catalyst for producing biological aviation kerosene by using high alcohol as a raw material and adopting a slurry reactor. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) respectively dissolving a nickel source and an organic amine source in methanol; slowly dripping the methanol solution of the organic amine source into the methanol solution of the nickel source under stirring; after dropwise adding, heating and carrying out reflux reaction for 30-90 minutes; filtering while hot, washing with methanol, collecting solid, and drying in vacuum to obtain the organic nickel catalyst. (2) respectively acidifying aqueous solutions of an organic amine source and a molybdenum source with diluted hydrochloric acid until the pH is 2-4; slowly dripping the acidified organic amine source into the acidified molybdenum source under stirring; after dropwise adding, stirring and reacting for 30-90 minutes; filtering, washing, collecting solids, and drying in vacuum to obtain the organic molybdenum catalyst. And (3) compounding the organic nickel catalyst and the organic molybdenum catalyst according to the mass ratio of 1: (1-10) to obtain the catalyst. The catalyst is simple in preparation process and low in energy consumption, and has high catalytic activity and high hydrodeoxygenation selectivity when being used for producing biological aviation kerosene by using high-carbon alcohol as a raw material and adopting a slurry reactor.

The invention provides a method and device for determining the hydrogen transmission amount of a slurry bed heavy oil micro-interface strengthening reaction and electronic equipment, and creatively establishes a physical model of a slurry bed heavy oil hydrogenation micro-interface reactor micro-interface unit which is suitable for pure pneumatic operation conditions and also suitable for pure hydraulic or gas-liquid linkage conditions. A mathematical model of the energy dissipation rate is deduced based on the physical model, so that the bubble size d32 and the micro-bubble average rising speed v32 of the micro-interface system can be further calculated based on the mathematical model of the energy dissipation rate, and then the hydrogen transmission amount is calculated. The scheme is suitable for pure pneumatic operation conditions, is also suitable for pure hydraulic or gas-liquid linkage conditions, is wide in application range, and can be widely used for guiding the design of the slurry bed heavy oil hydrogenation micro-interface reactor and the design of a reaction system of the slurry bed heavy oil hydrogenation micro-interface reactor.

The utility model discloses a uniform speed chemical engineering slurry reactor, and relates to the technical field of chemical reactors. The utility model comprises a reaction tank, the top of which is plugged with a tank cover, the surface of which is provided with a bidirectional drive assembly, and one of the rotating parts of the bidirectional drive assembly is fixedly installed with a stirring blade. The utility model drives the sleeve rod and the rotating shaft to rotate respectively through the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear, so that the stirring blade and the self-rotating mixing assembly rotate synchronously with the direction of the spiral stirring blade, drives the rotating rod by rotating the mounting plate so that the gear rotates along the surface of the gear ring, and drives the rotating rod and the U-shaped stirring rod to rotate by meshing with the gear ring, and stirs the chemical engineering slurry quickly by the self-rotation and revolution of the rotating rod and the U-shaped stirring rod, and cleans the residue inside the tank body while the U-shaped stirring rod rotates.

The invention provides a slurry reactor hydrogenation iron-based catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The slurry bed hydrogenation iron-based catalyst comprises a carrier and a metal oxide, wherein the metal in the metal oxide comprises an active component metal and a co-metal in a molar ratio of (1-100): 1; the active component metal comprises iron and zinc, and the auxiliary metal comprises one or a combination of more than two of cobalt, molybdenum, nickel and tungsten; the slurry bed hydrogenation iron-based catalyst is prepared by loading an active component metal element on a carrier through a precipitation method and then loading a cometallic element through an impregnation method. The preparation method of the slurry bed hydrogenation iron-based catalyst is simple, and the slurry bed hydrogenation iron-based catalyst has good catalytic activity and impurity removal effect.

The application belongs to the technical field of CO2 capture and utilization, and provides a method and device for impurity separation-high-efficiency mineralization-solid-liquid separation of calcium-based solid waste. The method comprises an impurity separation device, an efficient mineralization device and a solid-liquid separation device. The calcium-based solid waste is purified by using the primary separation device and the slurry reactor to remove floating coke powder impurities and remove silicon-iron impurities by magnetic separation. The calcium-based solid waste after primary purification is mixed with water from the water tank in the slurry reactor by stirring to form calcium-based solid waste slurry and release calcium ions. The calcium-based solid waste slurry is introduced into the mineralization reactor with CO2 to complete the mineralization reaction and form CaCO3 suspension. The suspension is introduced into the plate and frame filter press for solid-liquid separation to obtain CaCO3. The gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction occurs simultaneously, the process flow is simple, the time consumption is short, the efficiency is high, the equipment investment and operation cost are low, the reagent can be recycled, there is no secondary pollution, the production energy consumption is low, the product quality is good, carbon emission reduction can be realized, and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of petrochemical engineering, and particularly discloses a device for automatically cleaning a slurry reactor coke block filter and a control method thereof.The device comprises a filter A and a filter B which are redundant backups for each other, the filter A is communicated with a slurry inlet pipe through a first liquid inlet pipeline, and the filter A is communicated with a slurry outlet pipe through a first liquid outlet pipeline; the first liquid inlet pipeline is provided with a first cleaning assembly connected with the filter A in parallel, the filter B is communicated with the slurry inlet pipe through a second liquid inlet pipeline, the filter B is communicated with the slurry outlet pipe through a second liquid outlet pipeline, and the second liquid inlet pipeline is provided with a second cleaning assembly connected with the filter B in parallel. The state of the filter is monitored through pressure and temperature, automatic cleaning is carried out in combination with a control system, the filter is prevented from being blocked, the shutdown frequency is reduced, the energy efficiency is improved, the service life of equipment is prolonged, and the risks of leakage and scalding caused by disassembly of a high-temperature and high-pressure flange by maintenance personnel are reduced; and the risk of sealing surface damage caused by flange dismounting at high-temperature parts is reduced.

Systems and methods for distributing reactor coolant streams to cooling jackets of loop slurry reactors are disclosed, wherein the reactor coolant is used to control the temperature of the loop slurry reactor in olefin polymerization. Systems and methods for controlling the temperature of reactor coolant used to cool olefin polymerization reactors are also disclosed, which can be used in combination with conventional coolant distribution mechanisms as well as with the coolant distribution systems and methods disclosed herein.

Methods for operating a polymerization reactor system are described, and these methods include the steps of contacting a transition metal-based catalyst system with an olefin monomer and an optional olefin comonomer in the polymerization reactor system comprising a loop slurry reactor and a reactor circulating pump under polymerization conditions to produce an olefin polymer; measuring a kW power consumption of the reactor circulating pump to generate power consumption versus time data; converting the power consumption versus time data using frequency analysis to generate intensity versus frequency data at a first frequency interval encompassing a time equal to one-half an average recirculation period in the loop slurry reactor, and intensity versus frequency data at a second frequency interval encompassing a time equal to the average full recirculation period in the loop slurry reactor; and reducing a production rate of the olefin polymer in the loop slurry reactor when a total of a first peak intensity at the first frequency interval and a second peak intensity at the second frequency interval is equal to 10,000 or more, or when the rate of change of the first peak intensity or the rate of change of the second peak intensity is equal to 5,000 / hr or more.

In some embodiments, a process for producing propylene homopolymer or copolymer includes polymerizing propylene and optionally one or more comonomers selected from the group consisting of one or more C2 or C4-C20 alpha-olefins, by introducing the propylene, optionally the one or more C2 or C4-C20 alpha-olefins, and optionally hydrogen, with a catalyst system comprising a catalyst compound and an activator, in solution, gas phase, or slurry reactor, in series, or in parallel, at a reactor pressure of about 0.05 MPa to about 1,500 MPa and a reactor temperature of about 30°C to about 230°C to form the propylene homopolymer or copolymer. The catalyst compound is represented by Formula (I) wherein R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, and R16 are each independently hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl group, wherein optionally R9 and R11 combine to form a substituted or unsubstituted divalent methylene or divalent ethylene group.

Descending liquid bubble column slurry reactor, equipped with hydrogen distribution means with high density of orifices, is used to hydroconvert, at high capacity, heavy oils The reactor allows heavy distillates to be hydrogenated to saturation so that they can be used as feedstocks for steam cracking.

The invention discloses a method and a device for hydroprocessing waste plastics by using an inferior oil slurry reactor, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, mixing inferior oil with hydrogen, preheating, conveying to a slurry reactor for reaction, and carrying out gas-liquid separation on the product by using a thermal high-pressure separator to obtain a gas-phase component and a liquid-phase component; s2, mixing the gas-phase component with the waste plastic, performing thermal cracking on the waste plastic by utilizing gas-phase waste heat, washing a gas-phase product in thermal cracking products, collecting and discharging the gas-phase product, mixing a liquid-phase product with the liquid-phase component in the step S1, and performing fractionation in a fractionation device to obtain a light fraction and a heavy fraction, the heavy fraction is separated again through a centrifugal separation device to obtain lower-layer heavy components and upper-layer light components, the heavy components are circulated to the slurry bed reactor for reaction, and the light fraction and the light components are products obtained after treatment.

The invention discloses a slurry reactor diesel oil processing device and method. The slurry reactor diesel oil processing device comprises a raw material buffer tank, and a feeding port of the raw material buffer tank is connected with a plurality of feeding pipelines so that various raw materials can form a mixed raw material; mixing the mixed straight-run diesel oil, normal three-line diesel oil, slurry bed diesel oil and catalytic diesel oil to form a mixed raw material; mixing the mixed raw material with hydrogen, pressurizing to 8.5 MPa, heating to 340-380 DEG C, and feeding into a hydrofining reactor to obtain a reaction product; carrying out gas-liquid separation on the obtained refined reaction product in a system consisting of a hot high-pressure separator, a hot low-pressure separator, a cold high-pressure separator and a cold low-pressure separator to obtain reaction generated oil; obtained reaction generated oil enters a stripping tower to remove hydrogen sulfide and then enters a fractionating tower; and naphtha and refined diesel oil are obtained from the top of the fractionating tower, so that the production flexibility of the device is improved, the product benefit is improved, the production cost is reduced, and the purposes of refinery operation optimization and benefit improvement are achieved.

The present invention discloses a slurry reactor hydrocracking oil residue treatment method, which comprises: carrying out N-stage homogenization treatment and M-stage extraction treatment on slurry reactor hydrocracking oil residue, and carrying out extraction treatment on any homogenized material, N being an integer of at least 1, and M being an integer of at least 2. By means of the method, efficient separation of the waste oil residues can be achieved, the carbon residue value and the ash content in the deoiled ash residues obtained after extraction are high, the solid-liquid separation degree is high, and the separation effect is good.

The utility model relates to the technical field of petrochemical engineering, in particular to slurry bed residual oil hydrogenation fractionation equipment which comprises a slurry fractionating tower, a slurry feeding pipe and a hydrogen injection pipe are arranged on the side face of the slurry fractionating tower, the hydrogen injection pipe is located below the slurry feeding pipe, and a hydrogen distributor is arranged in the slurry fractionating tower. And the hydrogen distributor is connected with the hydrogen injection pipe. According to the utility model, hydrogen is uniformly sprayed out, is in uniform contact with materials and gradually rises, so that the temperature of the materials at the bottom of the slurry fractionating tower can be reduced, high-temperature dehydrogenation and polycondensation reaction can be relieved, meanwhile, the inner wall of the tower is purged, slurry coking in slurry reactor residual oil hydrogenation fractionating equipment can be inhibited, and stable and long-term operation of a slurry fractionating system is realized.

A system including a slurry reactor configured to receive an acetylene-rich gas stream and a hydrogen stream as one stream or as separate streams flowing upwards and a slurry catalyst comprising catalyst particles and a liquid solvent flowing downwards, wherein the liquid solvent extracts acetylene in the acetylene-rich gas stream and hydrogen in the hydrogen stream and at least a portion of the acetylene is converted to ethylene in the presence of the slurry catalyst and the hydrogen under hydrogenation reaction conditions to generate an acetylene-lean gas effluent and a spent slurry catalyst including spent catalyst particles and the liquid solvent.

This invention relates to the field of storage device technology and relates to an AMPS (Ammonium Metal Pulsat) production slurry reactor. It includes a reactor body with a vertically rotating column inside. Several layers of stirring and heat exchange plates are arranged side-by-side from top to bottom on the rotating column. Each layer of stirring and heat exchange plates has several heat exchange cavities within it. Independent flow channels for the heat exchange medium are opened within the rotating column, each connecting to a heat exchange cavity in each layer. The heat exchange cavities within the same layer are interconnected. This invention solves the problem in traditional reactors where, with continuous material addition, the material at the bottom reacts first, producing an exothermic reaction. Due to the limitations of existing stirring structures, it is impossible to quickly exchange heat with the material at different levels based on their reaction temperatures, thus affecting the reaction efficiency.

The present application relates to a kind of preparation methods of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, comprising the following steps: S1, in slurry reactor, diluent, polyethylene catalyst, co-catalyst and raw materials including ethylene are added, ethylene polymerization is carried out, and the slurry material after reaction is obtained;S2, the slurry material after reaction obtained in S1 is concentrated, then is added in the stirring vessel containing aqueous solution and is washed once;S3, the material after washing once in S2 is added in the stirring vessel containing pure water and is washed twice, then is dehydrated and dried, and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is obtained, as product output.Compared with prior art, the present application greatly improves the cleanliness of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene product by optimizing the resin preparation process.

The invention discloses a heavy oil slurry bed hydrocracking method, which comprises a heating furnace, a slurry bed reactor, a circulating pump, a circulator, a cooler, a hot separator, a cold separator and a product fractionating tower, the hot separator is provided with a circulating pump, thereby effectively reducing temperature difference in the reactor. Compared with the conventional scheme of arranging cold hydrogen, the invention can reduce the flow of the circulator, lower the differential pressure of the reaction system and lower the overall energy consumption of the device. The bottom of the slurry bed reactor is provided with a mixed feed inlet, a hydrogen distributor and a circulating oil distributor, under the comprehensive action of the scheme, the two-phase mixing effect in the reactor is greatly enhanced, and the overall heavy oil conversion rate is increased.

Methods for operating a polymerization reactor system are described, and these methods include the steps of contacting a transition metal-based catalyst system with an olefin monomer and an optional olefin comonomer in the polymerization reactor system comprising a loop slurry reactor and a reactor circulating pump under polymerization conditions to produce an olefin polymer; measuring a kW power consumption of the reactor circulating pump to generate power consumption versus time data; converting the power consumption versus time data using frequency analysis to generate intensity versus frequency data at a first frequency interval encompassing a time equal to one-half an average recirculation period in the loop slurry reactor, and intensity versus frequency data at a second frequency interval encompassing a time equal to the average full recirculation period in the loop slurry reactor; and reducing a production rate of the olefin polymer in the loop slurry reactor when a total of a first peak intensity at the first frequency interval and a second peak intensity at the second frequency interval is equal to 10,000 or more, or when the rate of change of the first peak intensity or the rate of change of the second peak intensity is equal to 5,000 / hr or more.

The invention relates to the field of petroleum refining, and discloses a heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation environment in-situ construction atomic-scale dispersed molybdenum catalytic system and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the preparation method, asphalt is taken as a precursor, an N source and an S source containing heteroatoms are taken as chelating ligand molecules, a soft template agent is taken as a pore-forming agent, and metal molybdenum salt is added in situ in a self-assembly process, so that targeted anchoring of the ligand molecules to molybdenum sites and stable dispersion of the ligand molecules on the asphalt are synchronously realized; and finally, carrying out in-situ vulcanization in a heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation environment to construct an atomic-scale dispersed molybdenum catalytic system. The catalytic system has the advantages of high metal dispersity, no subsequent treatment process, high product purity, no loss of metal active components and high atom utilization rate; the catalyst shows excellent heavy oil hydrogenation catalytic activity, stability and coke inhibition capability, and can efficiently treat inferior heavy oil with high carbon residue, high metal and high sulfur; the method is simple and controllable in operation, good in raw material applicability, low in production cost and good in industrial application value.

The invention belongs to the technical field of prebaked anode production, and relates to a process system and method for continuously producing an electrode binder by taking unconverted slurry oil of a slurry bed as a raw material, the process system comprises a membrane filter, a modifier, an asphalt generator, a reduced pressure fractionating tower, a forming machine, a separator and a separating tower, according to the present invention, the high-carbon-residue-value and high-viscosity prebaked anode asphalt binder is prepared by using the continuous thermal polymerization method, such that the continuous production is achieved, the process operation is simple, the heat energy can be recycled, and the zero waste material discharge is achieved, and the method has characteristics of continuous production, simple process operation, cyclic utilization of the heat energy, and can be used for the production of the high-carbon-residue-value and high-viscosity prebaked anode asphalt binder.