104 results about "Uncaria sinensis" patented technology

The present invention relates to a composition for the prevention or treatment of physiological and pathological disorders mediated by cyclooxygenase (COX) and/or 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) comprising Uncaria genus plant, in particular, Uncaria gambir, or its extract, and to a combined composition of said Uncaria genus plant extract and Scutellaria baicalensis extract and/or Camellia sinensis extract. The present composition shows excellent COX and/5-LO inhibition effects, and thus can be used for the prevention or treatment of disease and disorders mediated by various COX pathway and/or 5-LO pathway, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

The present invention provides a novel composition of matter comprised of a mixture of two specific classes of compounds—Free-B-Ring flavonoids and flavans—for use in the prevention and treatment of diseases and conditions associated with mouth, gums and teeth. This composition of matter simultaneously inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymatic activity and reduces cytokine production at the mRNA level in normal, aged and damaged periodontal cells and tissues. This invention further provides a method for the prevention and treatment of diseases and conditions of the mouth, gums and teeth. The method for preventing and treating diseases and conditions of the mouth, teeth and gums is comprised of administering to a host in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a mixture of Free-B-Ring flavonoids and flavans synthesized and/or isolated from a single plant or multiple plants, preferably in the Scutellaria, Oroxylum, Acacia or Uncaria genus of plants and pharmaceutically and/or cosmetically acceptable carriers. Finally the present invention provides a method for the prevention and treatment of diseases and conditions of the mouth, teeth or gums, including but not limited to periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis, periodontitis, pulpitis, periodontal conditions caused by the physical implantation of oral dentures, trauma, injuries, bruxism, neoplastic and other degenerative processes; material alba, pellicles, dental plagues, calculus, and stains. Use of the composition described herein also affords the benefit of maintaining optimum saliva production and pH, minimizing bacterial growth, reducing the formation of pellicles and plague, inhibiting tooth decalcification and tooth caries (decay), promoting remineralization, which yields healthy gums, whitening teeth, maintaining healthy oral hygiene and reducing oral malodour (halitosis).

The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicinal prescription for treating hypertension, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines. The prescription comprises the following components by weight: 15g of salviae miltiorrhizae, 15g of motherwort fruit, 20g of plantain seed, 30g of selfheal, 12g of gastrodia elata, 12g of red peony root, 15g of ligusticum wallichii, 15g of safflower, 12g of Chinese angelica, 12g of astragalus membranaceus, 12g of trogopterus dung, 15g of achyranthes bidentata, 10g of cassia twig, 15g of pseudo-ginseng, 20g of apocynum venetum, 15g of wild chrysanthemum, 12g of uncaria, 10g of herba siegesbeckiae, 15g of eucommia, 20g of cassia seed, 12g of raw rehmannia, 12g of earthworm, 15g of kudzuvine root, 15g of scutellaria baicalensis, 20g of hawthorn, 12g of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 20g of taxillus sutchuenensis, 12g of rhizoma alismatis, 12g of akebiaquinata, 15g of lucid ganoderma, 12g of bupleurum, 15g of gingko leaf, 15g of fleece-flower root, 12g of white peony root, 12g of pinellia ternate, 15g of radix codonopsis, 15g of radix scrophulariae, 15g of felwort, and 15g of semen raphani. The prescription is economical and practical, and is convenient to popularize.

The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine preparation and relates to traditional Chinese medicine oral liquid for treating dyspepsia of children and a preparation method thereof. The oral liquid of the invention is prepared by processing coix seed, rice sprouts, hawthorn, lophatherum gracile, uncaria, cicada ecdysis, liquorice, flavoring agents and preservatives.

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicinal preparation for treating neurasthenia. The preparation is prepared from the following raw materials: radix polygonati officinalis, salvia miltiorrhiza, radix ophiopogonis, glossy privet fruit, dandelion, schisandra chinensis, poria, divaricate saposhnikovia root, white hyacinth bean, dogwood, epimedium, pinellia ternata, polygala tenuifolia, mulberry, fleece-flower root, cape jasmine, uncaria, dendrobe, bamboo shavings, muskmelon seed, bidens bipinnata, raw ginger, radix paeoniae alba, ligusticum wallichii, radix curcumae and cassia seed. The preparation can be manufactured into capsules, tablets, granules and other preparations according to a conventional pharmaceutical method. The traditional Chinese medicinal preparation can be used for treating both symptoms and root causes of neurasthenia, is non toxic or harmful to a human body, does not have side effects, is low in price and simple in manufacture, and has a wide application prospect.

The invention discloses a hair-nutrition and hair-care composition, comprising (a) a carrier acceptable in cosmetic science or pharmacy and (b) effective quantity of water extracts of raw herbal materials or extracts of water-borne organic solvent; wherein, the raw herbal materials are composed of Chinese yam, ligustrum lucidum, pseudolari cortex, sesame, pubescent holly, gleditsia sinensis lam, leaves of vaccinium bracteatum thunb, tuber fleeceflower, Chinese arborvitae twig, rhododendron molle, rhizomadrynariae, uncaria, lotus stamen, and mulberry. The invention also discloses the preparation method of the composition. The hair-nutrition and hair-care composition has the advantages of blackening beard and hair, inhibiting furfur and promoting the growth of hair.

The invention relates to a Chinese drug for calming endopathic wind and reducing blood pressure and a preparation method thereof. The Chinese drug is used for treating hypertension, encephalemia, hemiparalysis, limb and trunk paralysis, slurred speech or facial hemiparalysis, and is prepared as pills with cinnamon, achyranthes root, prepared rehmannia root, fructus toosendan, tortoise plastron, selfheal spike, capillary artemisia, white peony root, radix scrophulariae, asparagus root, malt, liquorice, oyster, leech 5, fossil teeth, skunk bush, goldthread root, medcinal evodia fruit, white atractylodes rhizome, uncaria, tuckahoe, gastrodia elata, ruddle, cortex eucommiae and parasitic loranthus. When being taken, the Chinese drug is boiled for 35-40 minutes in clean water, and the supernatant is used for preparing soup; or the Chinese drug is boiled for 5-10 minutes in clean water, dried and ground to powder, mixed in a tile basin, and stirred thoroughly and made into pills or capsules. The weight of each pill is about 6g, and the weight of each capsule is about 1g. The Chinese drug has the function of treating the hypertension, encephalemia, hemiparalysis, limb and trunk paralysis, slurred speech and facial hemiparalysis. The preparation method has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, simple process, fast absorption, high cure rate, less recurrence and no toxic side effect.

The invention discloses an oral administration pharmaceutical composition for treating nervous prostration, wherein the active constituents include the following raw material herbs (by weight portion): wheat 15g, Siberian solomonseal rhizome 10g, rhizome of Sichuan lovage 10g, hooked uncaria 10g, lily 10g, dragon's bone 11g, honey-fried licorice root 6g, root of pilose asiabell 10g, Chinese date 5 pieces, tuber fleeceflower stem 10g, albizia bark 12g and wolfberry fruit 10g. The medicament should be decocted in water for the oral dose.

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating kinesia, comprising syrup preparation, water-bindered pill preparation and oral liquid preparation obtained by the traditional manufacturing process. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of gastrodia elata, 20 parts of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, 30 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 30 parts of cassia twig, 40 parts of poria cocos, 20 parts of pinellia ternata, 15 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 10 parts of liquorice, 10 parts of monkshood, 15 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 15 parts of uncaria, 20 parts of ginger, 20 parts of dodonopsis pilosula, 25 parts of astragalus mongholicus, 8 parts of rattletop, 10 parts of radix bupleuri and 15 parts of angelica sinensis. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation is convenient to take and rapid to act, has no toxic side effect and is suitable for long-term taking.

The invention relates to a Chinese medicine composition for treating arrhythmia, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of angelica sinensis, 10-40 parts of the root of red-rooted salvia, 10-30 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 5-20 parts of peach kernel, 5-20 parts of chrysanthemum, 10-40 parts of uncaria, 5-20 parts of gastrodia elata, 10-40 parts of concha haliotidis, 5-25 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 5-25 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 10-40 parts of selfheal, 5-25 parts of jujube kernel, 5-25 parts of semen boitae, 5-20 parts of polygala tenuifolia, 5-20 parts of schisandra chinensis, 5-20 parts of platycodon grandiflorum, 5-25 parts of radix curcumae, 5-20 parts of rhizoma cyperi, 5-25 parts of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim, 5-20 parts of flowers carthami, 5-20 parts of pinellia ternate and 5-20 parts of radix glycyrrhizae preparata. The Chinese medicine composition disclosed by the invention has the effects of clearing heat, relaxing liver, tranquilizing mind by nourishing the heart, notifying the spleen and kidney and promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, has a remarkable treatment effect on arrhythmia, and is reliable in action.

A disclosed traditional Chinese medicine composition for treatingrheumatic arthralgia comprises the raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of ephedra stem, 2-4 parts of fried radix astragali, 3-5 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 5-7 parts of fried licorice, 2-3 parts of Chinese angelica, 1-3 parts of cassia twig, 4-7 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza, 3-5 parts of spatholobus stem, 8-10 parts of scorpion, 4-6 parts of zaocys dhumnades, 2-4 parts of ajuga multiflova bunge, 8-10 parts of uncaria, 2-4 parts of mantis egg-case, 4-6 parts of saposhnikovia divaricata, 3-5 parts of notopterygium root, 5-7 parts of angelica dahurica, 2-4 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 7-9 parts of olibanum preparata, 4-6 parts of myrrh, 2-4 parts of gernium wilfordii maxim, 1-3 parts of root of sandhill tylophora and 1-3 parts of ficus lacor bark. The traditional Chinese medicine has efficacy of warming the meridian to dissipate cold, unblocking the meridian, activating collaterals, expelling wind, removing cold-dampness in bone, nourishing liver and kidney, and strengthening sinews and body, and is applicable to any arthromyodynia comprising rheumatic arthralgia and the like, and is convenient to take, short in treatment course and fast in treatment effect.

The invnetion provides a Chinese medicine conditioning powder for bathing, which is prepared from pure Chinese herbal medicine, comprising parish's ironweed,fenghe, ramulus uncariae cum uncis, herba lycopodii, helianthus annuus, parabarium micranthum,shijiang, speranskia herb, tetrapanax papyrifer, semiliquidambar cathayensis, fructus liquidambaris,xiangteng, xiedifeng, eupatorium chinense, glaucous leaf hydrangea vine stem, xuechongye, goukenmu, euonymus fortunei, perfoliate knotweed herb, black uncaria, vitex negundo, parabarium huaitingii chun et tsiang, shiyangcuo,herba leonuri, migong, folium artemisiae argyi, fenglong and caulis trachelospermi, and the like. The powder can be used for bathing through the whole body, in which the Chinese herbal medicine with special nutrition, health care and disinfection can infiltrate the body to completely improve the minicirculation and additionally supply the nutrient substance, accelerate the metabolite and toxin discharge and hasten the tissular metabolism, thereby realizing the purpose of health care, health cultivation, facial make-up and disease prevention and treatment.

A topical composition includes a water soluble extract of an Uncaria species in a concentration range from about 0.1% to 15%, and a dermatologically acceptable medium suitable for topical application. The topical composition can further contain deuterium reduced water which has a deuterium concentration in a range from 0.1 ppm to about 110 ppm. Also disclosed are methods using the topical composition for improving skin cell's resistance to DNA damage and/or enhancing skin cell's DNA repair capacity; for protecting the skin from damage, and/or treating skin damage, caused by exposure to ultraviolet light; for treating and/or preventing skin wrinkles, keratosis and lipofuscin deposit.

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese drug, in particular to a drug for treating hypertension. The drug for treating the hypertension is characterized by being made from the following Chinese patent medicines by weight: 7-10 parts of oriental water plantain, 7-10 parts of aweto, 7-10 parts of dwarf lilyturf, 7-10 parts of mistletoe, 7-10 parts of Chinese magnolivine fruit, 7-10 parts of angelica, 7-10 parts of tuckahoe, 7-10 parts of peppermint, 7-10 parts of goldenthread, 7-10 parts of red sage root, 7-10 parts of uncaria, 7-10 parts of Chinese yam, 7-10 parts of dragons blood and 7-10 parts of eucommia bark. The traditional Chinese drug has the advantages of stable blood pressure lowering, good curative effect, quick effect, no toxic and side effect, no relapse after cure and the like.

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating migraine. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from the following bulk drugs in parts by weight: 8-15 parts of scorpion, 8-15 parts of stiff silkworm, 6-10 parts of wooly datchmanspipe herb, 8-15 parts of chrysanthemum, 15-25 parts of concha haliotidis, 1-3 parts of asarum, 1-3 parts of liquorice, 3-5 parts of radix ophiopogonis, 8-15 parts of fructus evodiae, 3-5 parts of Chinese angelica, 15-25 parts of curcuma aromatica, 15-25 parts of uncaria, 15-25 parts of rehmannia, 6-10 parts of red flower, 15-25 parts of tuckahoe, 6-10 parts of acorus gramineus, 15-25 parts of white atractylodes rhizome, 6-10 parts of madder, 6-10 parts of gastrodia elata, 15-25 parts of pinellia ternate, and the like. The traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating migraine has the effects of tranquilizing yin and suppressing yang, nourishing brain and calming the nerves, and calming the liver and dispelling the wind, and can be used for realizing the purpose of treating both symptoms and root causes of the migraine.

The invention discloses medicinal liquor for treating arthritis. The medicinal liquor is prepared from the following traditional Chinese medicinal raw materials in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of mulberry twig, 5-15 parts of mulberry fruit, 5-15 parts of herba taxilli, 5-15 parts of white mulberry root-bark, 5-15 parts of mulberry leaf, 5-15 parts of uncaria, 5-15 parts of spatholobus suberctu, 5-15 parts of honeysuckle, 5-10 parts of herba aristolochiae, 5-10 parts of radix stephaniae tetrandrae, 10-20 parts of cissampelos pareira, 10-20 parts of raw rehmannia, 5-15 parts of cassia twig, 5-15 parts of divaricate saposhnikovia root, 5-10 parts of liquorice, 10-20 parts of notopterygium, 20-30 parts of dandelion, 20-40 parts of rhizoma chuanxiong, and 2,000-5,000 parts of distilled liquor of 50-60 degrees. The medicinal liquor is reasonable in prescription, is bitter, sweat, spicy and hot in taste, has the effects of promoting blood circulation, can be used in joint sore and action insufficiency, and can guide a medicine upward to assist the drug effect. The toxic and side effect of the medicament can be eliminated when the immersed medicinal liquor is drunk.

The invention discloses a preparation for treating internal heat caused by food stagnation in children, a preparation method and a quality control method thereof, which are calculated according to weight components: 3-9 parts of cultivated bezoar (or cultivated in vitro) and 0.75-2.25 parts of artificial musk , 3-9 parts of borneol, 60-180 parts of Uncaria, 60-180 parts of Gastrodia elata, 15-45 parts of silkworm (stir-fried with bran), 15-45 parts of scorpion, 15-45 parts of Coptis chinensis, 15-45 parts of Tianzhuhuang , 5-15 parts of cinnabar, 15-45 parts of rhubarb, 15-45 parts of Dannanxing (wine roast), 15-45 parts of Fritillaria, 15-45 parts of Pinellia (made), 60-180 parts of orange red, 60 parts of talc ~180 parts are prepared. The preparation of the present invention has rigorous prescriptions, has the effects of clearing away heat, calming convulsions, dispelling wind and resolving phlegm, and is used for children with food stagnation and internal heat syndrome. The preparation process and quality control method are scientific and reasonable, which can effectively control product quality.

The invention discloses a Chinese medicinal composition for treating rheumatic disease which comprises the following raw materials (by weight portion): astragalus root 15-25g, notopterygium root 10-20g, ledebouriella root 10-20g, cassia twig 10-25g, Chinese angelica root 10-20g, safflower 10-20g, frankincense 10-20g, selfheal 10-20g, speranskia herb 10-20g, hooked uncaria 15-30g, Ligusticum wallichii 10-20g, honeysuckle flower 10-20g, apocynum venetum linn 15-30g, borneol 5-10g, Acorus calamus 20-40g, tuber fleeceflower stem 15-30g, wild or spiny jujuba seed 20-40g, polygala root 10-20g, spearmint 5-10g, notoginseng 10-20g, eucommia bark 15-30g, poria cocos wolf 10-20g, radix salvia miltiorrhiza 15-30g, Chinese mugwort leaf 15-30g, gynostemma pentaphylla 10-20g and dried orange peel 20-40g.

The invention relates to an electuary for cervical vertebral rehabilitation. The electuary comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of deer's sinew, 9 parts of earthworm, 15 parts of long-noded pit viper, 24 parts of Polygonum cuspidatum, 24 parts of loranthus parasiticus, 18 parts of glossy privet fruit, 18 parts of Eucommia ulmoides, 18 parts of teasel root, 18 parts of the root of red-rooted salvia, 6 parts of cassia twig, 12 parts of root of common peony, 12 parts of Angelica sinensis, 9 parts of radix angelicae, 12 parts of notopterygium root, 18 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 12 parts of Pinellia ternate, 15 parts of uncaria and 15 parts of Ligusticum wallichii. The electuary has the advantages of available raw materials, low cost, remarkable treatment effect and the like.

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating epilepsy, which is prepared from the following steps: 5-25 parts of angelica, 5-25 parts of red paeonia, 5-25 parts of hemlock parsley, 5-25 parts of radix bupleuri, 10-30 parts of radix rehmanniae, 5-20 parts of peach kernel, 5-20 parts of safflower, 15-40 parts of radix cyathulae, 5-20 parts of arisaema cum bile, 5-20 parts of muscardine silkworm, 10-30 parts of uncaria, 10-30 parts of radix salviae miltiorrhizae, 5-25 parts of chrysanthemum flower, 5-25 parts of rhizoma cyperi, 5-25 parts of dogwood, 5-25 parts of schisandra fruit, 5-25 parts of self-heal, 15-40 parts of magnet, 5-25 parts of radix curcumae, 5-20 gastrodia tuber, 10-30 parts of Japanese sweetflag, 5-25 parts of Saruma henryi, 10-35 parts of valerian and 10-30 parts of Semen Pharbitidis. The invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, wide medicine sources, mild properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients, obvious and reliable curative effect and no side effect.

The invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicines, particularly a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating hypertension, which is composed of 10-15g of wild chrysanthemum flower, 13-18g of hawthorn, 13-18g of cassia seed, 13-18g of sophora flower, 13-18g of taraxacum, 10-15g of sun-lo, 13-18g of radix scutellariae, 15-25g of radix salviae miltiorrhizae, 15-25g of uncaria, 15-20g of kudzu root, 5-15g of notopterygium root, 5-15g of fleece-flower root, 13-18g of mistletoe, 5-15g of self-heal, 10-25g of motherwort, 10-20g of Charred Triplet, 10-20g of rhizoma alismatis, 10-15g of Polyporus umbellatus and 10-20g of Tribulus terrestris.253 examples recover in clinic, accounting for 85.47%; the composition is effective for 40 examples, accounting for 13.51%; the composition is ineffective for 3 examples, accounting for 1.01%; the total effective rate is 98.98%; and thus, the composition has very ideal effect on treating hypertension accompanied by edema, constipation and headache.

The invention provides an oral Chinese patent medicine for treating hypertension, which comprises the following components in part by weight: 7 to 11 parts of tall gastrodia tuber, 12 to 18 parts of uncaria, 28 to 32 parts of concha haliotidis, 7 to 11 parts of baikal skullcap root, 7 to 11 parts of fructus gardenia, 7 to 11 parts of twotooth achyranthes root, 7 to 11 parts of cortex eucommiae, 9 to 15 parts of Chinese taxillus twig, 28 to 32 parts of tuber fleeceflower stem, 9 to 15 parts of poria with hostwood and 28 to 32 parts of mother of pearl. Compared with the prior art, the Chinese patent medicine is used for treating hypertension aiming at internal pathogenic factors according to differentiation of symptoms, quick in curative effect, low in cost and obvious in effect, and does not have toxic or side effect.

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating hyperlipidemia and a preparation method thereof. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 140-160 parts of red-rooted salvia root, 100-120 parts of hawthorns, 90-110 parts of rhubarb, 50-70 parts of tree peony bark, 50-70 parts of red paeony root, 50-70 parts of corydalis tuber, 50-70 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 50-70 parts of astragalus, 50-70 parts of bitter orange, 50-70 parts of leeches, 50-70 parts of lumbricus, 20-30 parts of cortex cinnamomi, 20-30 parts of cattail pollen, 20-30 parts of pseudo-ginseng root, 20-30 parts of uncaria and 20-30 parts of platycodon root. The raw materials are extracted and purified according to a certain process method, and an oral traditional Chinese medicine preparation is prepared from the raw materials and pharmaceutically-acceptable auxiliary materials. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation has the characteristics that the preparation process is simple, feasible, safe and effective; the pharmacological action is obvious; and the clinical effect is remarkable.

The invention discloses a blood pressure lowering health peanut oil, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials by weight: 1250-1350 parts of peanut kernel, 2-3 parts of achyranthes, 1-2 parts of lemon essential oil, 2-3 parts of uncaria, 6-8 parts of licorice, 3-4 parts of cassia seed, 16-20 parts of macadamia nut kernel, 12-15 parts of brazil nut, 25-28 parts of semen trichosanthis and 9-12 parts of oyster; in addition to the peanut kernel, the blood pressure lowering health peanut oil is also added with the macadamia nut, brazil nut and other oily raw materials and the cassia seed, uncaria and other blood pressure lowering raw materials, so that the edible value of the peanut oil is increased; the blood pressure lowering health peanut oil has a unique diet therapy health care function;a production process uses an efficient and environmental-friendly supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction technology for maximum protection of bioactive components in the raw materials, and the blood pressure lowering health peanut oil is rich and mellow in fragrance, bright in color, and especially suitable for daily health care of people with hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia (three highs).

The invention relates to the traditional Chinese medicine field, in particular to a plaster used for treating hypertension and a preparation method thereof. The plaster comprises eighteen traditional Chinese medicine materials that are uncaria, Radix Aucklandiae, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, rhubarb, radix rehmanniae, coptis, gentian, Styrax benzoin, storax, asarum, chilopod, earthworm, muscardine silkworm, realgar, red lead, borneol, camphor and soybean oil, and has the weight proportions that: the uncaria is 200 to 400, the Radix Aucklandiae is 200 to 400g, the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is 200 to 400g, the rhubarb is 50 to 100g, the radix rehmanniae is 50 to 150g, the coptis is 50 to 100g, the gentian is 50 to 100g, the Styrax benzoin is 50 to 100g, the storax is 50 to 100g, the asarum is 30 to 70g, the chilopod is 5 to 10, the earthworm is 30 to 70g, the muscardine silkworm is 20 to 30g, the realgar is 50 to 100g, the red lead is 400 to 600g, the borneol is 50 to 100g, the camphor is 10 to 20g, and the soybean oil is 2000 to 3000g. The plaster and the preparation method thereof have the advantages that the plaster has convenient medication, no vetandas, high cure rate, quick curative, no toxic and side effects, and good effect.