An efficient phase change cold storage heat exchange tube comprises a central tube, an outer shell, a transverse annular rib, a longitudinal straight rib, phase change cold storage materials and a heat preservation layer, wherein the transverse annular rib and the longitudinal straight rib which are arranged in a perpendicular and staggered mode are welded in the space between the central tube and the outer shell, and the transverse annular rib and the longitudinal straight rib play a role of fins. A fan-shaped section formed by the central tube, the outer shell, the transverse annular rib and the longitudinal straight rib is filled with the phase change cold storage materials, the heat exchange effect is enhanced due to the arrangement of the fan-shaped section, and through the heat conduction performance of the phase change cold storage materials, cold storage power and cold release power of the cold storage heat exchange tube are greatly improved. The heat preservation layer made of polyurethane materials cover the outer shell so as to play a role in preventing the cold amount from being leaked. According to an efficient phase change cold storage heat exchange device and the corresponding phase change cold storage materials with the high heat conduction coefficient, the cold storage power and the cold release power of the cold storage heat exchange tube are greatly improved, the cold storage time and the cold release time of the cold storage heat exchange tube are short, the cold storage amount is large, the structure is simple, and use and popularization are facilitated.