The invention provides a corrosive agent for detecting a shot-blasted layer on an austenitic stainless steel surface and a using method of the corrosive agent. The corrosive agent is prepared from, by volume, 25-31% of hydrochloric acid, 26-28% of glycerol, 12-16% of nitric acid and 25-35% of a picric acid ethanol solution. By means of the advantages that a metallographic phase is rapidly, visually, easily and conveniently displayed, the chemical corrosive agent which is easy and convenient to use and applicable to daily inspection is developed, and the corrosive agent intensively corrodes the region of a shot-blasted hardened layer on the inner surface and does not intensively corrode a base body which does not deform. By means of the advantages of a chemical reaction, the appearance of the region of the shot-blasted hardened layer of inner stainless steel surface can be clearly and completely displayed under illumination of perpendicular light of a microscope, the stainless shot-blasted layer is deep measured conveniently and accurately, and the good practical value for control over the shot-blasted quality inside austenitic stainless steel for a super-(super)-critical boiler is achieved.