56results about How to "Effective volume control" patented technology

The invention relates to a damping and tensile support with double curved surface, belonging to the technical field of civil engineering and particularly relates to a damping and tensile support used for civil engineering structure. A support body is provided with a damping mechanism comprising an inner arc surface on the upper part of the inner side of a circular cavity; the inner arc surface is covered with a first spherical surface metal plate layer; a spherical surface slide block is arranged below the first spherical surface metal plate layer; a first engineering plastic slide plate covers on the spherical surface slide block; a second spherical surface metal plate layer covers below the spherical surface slide block; a hyperbolic spherical plate of which the upper surface and the lower surface are spherical surfaces is arranged below the second spherical surface metal plate layer, the upper spherical surface of the hyperbolic spherical plate is covered with a second engineering plastic slide plate, and the lower spherical surface of the hyperbolic spherical plate is covered with a third spherical surface metal plate layer; a spherical surface support plate is arranged below the third spherical surface metal plate layer; a third engineering plastic slide plate covers the top of the spherical surface support plate; and the lower part of the spherical surface support plate is fixedly connected with the lower part of the inner side of the circular cavity. The invention has the advantages of simple construction, favourable damping effect, high bearing capability, favourable durability and the like.

The invention discloses a stretchy type solar photovoltaic assembly and a photovoltaic system. The stretchy type solar photovoltaic assembly comprises a fixed support and a plurality of layers of solar cell panels, wherein the fixed support is fixed on a supporting face. The fixed support comprises track support bodies. Each track support body comprises a plurality of layers of tracks. The solar cell panels are installed on the tracks. At least one solar cell panel can be stretched out and drawn back in the stretching direction of the track where the solar cell panel is located. The photovoltaic system comprises a carrier and the stretchy type solar photovoltaic assembly which is installed on the top face of the carrier. According to the stretchy type solar photovoltaic assembly, when the solar cell panels are drawn back, the size of the stretchy type solar photovoltaic assembly is effectively controlled, and convenience is brought to carry; when the solar cell panels are stretched out, large-area solar cell panel installation is achieved in a limited supporting face area, the insolation area of the stretchy type solar photovoltaic assembly is effectively improved, and therefore the generated energy of the stretchy type solar photovoltaic assembly is improved.

The invention discloses an electrically controlled brake power-assisted system and relates to the field of vehicle brake systems. The electrically controlled brake power-assisted system comprises a pedal simulator, an electronic control unit, a driving motor and a power-assisted brake cylinder, wherein the pedal simulator is constructed to be integrated together with a brake master cylinder, and apedal simulator cylinder body serves as a piston of the brake master cylinder; an output end of the driving motor is connected with a planet gear reducing mechanism, and the planet gear reducing mechanism is connected with the power-assisted brake cylinder through racks; and in a normal brake work mode, the pedal simulator absorbs the stroke of a brake pedal push rod, the electronic control unitsends an operating instruction to the driving motor according to the stroke of the pedal push rod, and the planet gear reducing mechanism is matched with the racks to drive the piston of the power-assisted brake cylinder to generate brake pressure, thereby realizing the brake of a vehicle.

The invention relates to a degradable antifouling thermoplastic micro-airbag polymer elastomer material which is prepared from the following ingredients in percentage by weight: 88 to 98% of polymer raw material, 0.05 to 0.5% of nucleating agent, 0.4 to 2% of foaming agent and 0.1 to 10% of environment-friendly degradable organic perfluorosebacamidine material. A preparation method specifically comprises the steps: (1) feeding the polymer raw material, the nucleating agent and the environment-friendly degradable organic perfluorosebacamidine material from a feeding opening in the front end of a twin-screw extruder, feeding the foaming agent from a feeding opening in a middle section of the twin-screw extruder, hot melting and fully mixing all the raw materials, then sending into a static mixer to be further homogenized and then controlling pressure and quantitatively conveying by a melt pump; (2) sending hot melt sent out by the melt pump into an underwater pelletizing chamber to be pelletized, bringing out by technological water to be separated and screening and drying the particles to obtain a target product. Compared with the prior art, the degradable antifouling thermoplastic micro-airbag polymer elastomer material disclosed by the invention effectively achieves performance of antifouling, soiling-resistant, oil-resistant, contamination-resistant, attractive and good touch and is especially suitable for being applied to the fields of shoe materials, food package and the like.

The invention relates to a thermoplastic micro-sac polymer elastomer material and a preparation method thereof. The material is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1-97 percent of a support frame polymer material, 0.1-97 percent of pressure-resistance slow-rebound polymer material, 0.01-0.5 percent of a nucleating agent, and 0.1-10 percent of a foaming agent, wherein the support frame polymer material is a high-molecular-weight, high-hardness, high-crystalline or high-polarity polymer material; the pressure-resistance slow-rebound polymer material is a low-molecular-weight, low-hardness, low-crystalline to no irregular shape, low-polarity / no-polarity polymer material. Compared with the prior art, the material has the advantages that a winding network formed by the micro-sac structure and opening pores achieves an interpenetration structure, the rebound force and other material physical performance are excellent, buffer feedback is quick, contact and comfortable performance are high, exfoliated volume is controllable and the like.

The invention relates to a watch capable of continuously monitoring heart rate and preventing sleepiness. The watch comprises a watch band, a shell with a display screen, a bottom cover, buttons and a clock mechanism mounted in the shell, wherein the clock mechanism comprises a photoelectric detection module, a low-frequency electric pulse module, a Bluetooth module, a central processing unit, a periphery management circuit, a rechargeable battery, a power supply management circuit and a vibration prompt device; the inner side of the shell is provided with a detection window, the photoelectric detection module comprises an LED light source capable of emitting light with the wavelengths of 630 nanometers and 940 nanometers, a photosensitive device and a trans-resistance amplifier, and the pulse oximeter signal which is reflected by a human body and received by the photosensitive device is amplified by the trans-resistance amplifier and output to the central processing unit. The watch has the advantages that the parameters of the human body are set through an intelligent terminal or a smart phone, whether a driver is in a fatigue state or not is detected by the pulse oximeter signal reflected by the human body, the vibration prompt device is driven to provide vibration prompt, and the low-frequency electric pulse module can be driven at the same time to generate low-frequency pulses to stimulate the human body.

The invention discloses a mixed flow stirring soybean milk machine which comprises a base, an outer barrel body, a barrel body fixing plate, a barrel cover and a stirring rotary disc. A heat insulation barrel is arranged on the inner side wall of the outer barrel body. A plurality of circles of heating pipes are arranged inside the heat insulation barrel. The inner sides of the heating pipes are provided with a heating barrel in a tight contact mode. The bottoms of the outer barrel body, the heat insulation barrel and the heating barrel are fixed to the base through the barrel body fixing plate. An outer rotary sleeve shaft penetrates through the center of the barrel body fixing plate. The portion, penetrating through the barrel body fixing plate, of the outer rotary sleeve shaft is sleeved with a sealing ring. An inner rotary shaft penetrates into the outer rotary sleeve shaft. The bottom of the outer rotary sleeve shaft and the bottom of the inner rotary shaft are provided with an outer rotary sleeve shaft driving gear and an inner rotary shaft driving gear. During smashing and stirring, disordered turbulent flow is formed, and the smashing and stirring effect and efficiency are improved.

The invention relates to an automatic illumination control method of a dome light. An existing dome light control mode is redesigned, intelligent detection and control are achieved, whether a person lies on the back or not is judged by achieving intelligent detection below the dome light, then the coverage proportion of the eyelids to the pupils is detected, and therefore real-time intelligent adjustment is achieved for working of a light source, the illumination brightness of the dome light can be automatically adjusted along with feeling of the human eyes. The whole design method takes the comfortable feeling of the eyes of users into full account in the designing process, and the humanized design concept is embodied.

The invention relates to the technical field of machines, in particular to a fresh air purifying and dehumidifying integrated machine which comprises a fresh air purifier. The fresh air purifier comprises a shell which is internally provided with an air supply channel, an air inlet and an air outlet are formed in the shell and communicate with the air supply channel, and a first filter for removing volatile organic compounds, an air supply fan and an HEPA filter for removing particles are sequentially arranged in the air supply channel from front to back in the flow guiding direction. The air outlet is detachably connected with an air inlet of a dehumidifier, and the air supply fan serves as a flow guiding fan of the dehumidifier. The fresh air purifier and the dehumidifier are combined, a flow guiding fan which is traditionally arranged in a dehumidifier is replaced with the air supply fan in the fresh air purifier, and thus the fresh air purifier and the dehumidifier share the fan, the structure is compact, and the size is effectively controlled.

The present invention discloses a vehicle projection system. The vehicle projection system comprises an illumination module, a dynamic image display device and a projection module. The illumination module emits a light beam for illumination; the dynamic image display device can load information to be displayed, and the light beam can carry the information to be displayed after passing through thedynamic image display device; and the projection module can receive the light beam carrying the information to be displayed and can project the information to be displayed on a surface to be displayed. The vehicle projection system is close to miniaturization in structure, can project dynamic images, and good in imaging quality and high in resolution.

The invention belongs to the field of engine control systems, and discloses an engine comprehensive controller based on a VNX architecture. The engine comprehensive controller comprises a comprehensive processing module, a signal acquisition module, an execution control module and a power supply module which are connected with one another, wherein the signal acquisition module is used for acquiring a measurement signal of an engine internal sensor, obtaining the acquisition signal and sending the acquisition signal to the comprehensive processing module; the comprehensive processing module isused for acquiring an engine state instruction, calculating an engine control rule according to the engine state instruction and the acquisition signal, generating an engine control instruction, and sending the engine control instruction to the execution control module and further used for uploading the acquisition signal; the execution control module is used for controlling an engine internal switch valve and a flow valve according to the engine control instruction and a preset control return-to-zero instruction; and the power supply module is used for supplying power to corresponding modulesaccording to power supply voltage. Miniaturization, serialization and standardization of the engine comprehensive controller are achieved, the development and application cost of a user can be remarkably reduced, and the application prospect is wide.

The invention provides a waterproof laser device. The waterproof laser device is characterized by comprising a laser emitting module and a laser shell; a laser shell is internally provided with a holding cavity; the laser emitting module is arranged in the holding cavity; the laser shell is in a waterproof hermetical structure to realize water tightness of the holding cavity. The waterproof laser device has moisture-proof and sweat-proof functions and can be soaked in water, the technical problems of unavailability to water washing and inconvenience in water washing are solved, and the waterproof laser device is long in service life and small in size. The invention further provides a laser healthcare bra. The laser healthcare bra which adopts laser has a breast healthcare efficacy and can be ether used in healthcare treatment or worn as a normal bra in daily life. In addition, the laser healthcare bra can be washed in water and is high in breathability and comfort level.

The invention discloses a greenhouse LED lighting device based on PLC controlling. The greenhouse LED lighting device comprises a bridge, a PLC and a plurality of LED lighting boxes. The bridge comprises a plurality of levels of sub-units vertically arranged, each sub-unit comprises a supporting frame arranged on the ground and a cross beam horizontally arranged at the top end of the supporting frame, the supporting frames are provided with the PLC, LED red light sensors, LED blue light sensors and LED far-red light sensors, and the two ends of each cross beam are provided with the LED lighting boxes; each LED lighting box comprises a telescopic hanging rod, a top plate, a heat dissipating plate and a light plate, the lower surface of each light plate is provided with a plurality of LED red lights, LED blue lights and LED far-red lights, the upper surface of each light plate is closely attached to the lower surface of the corresponding heat dissipating plate, and the upper surface of each heat dissipating plate is provided with corresponding LED red light drivers, LED blue light drivers and LED far-red light drivers. The greenhouse LED lighting device is simple and ingenious in structure and low in heat of the LED lamps and can be widely applied to all growing stages of plants.

The invention relates to an integrated oil-gas separator which comprises a base, a barrel body, a spiral-flow barrel, a filter element and a blade separation element, wherein the barrel body is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the base; a barrel cover is detachably arranged at the upper end of the barrel body; an upper cavity and a lower cavity are formed in the upper part and the lower part of the inner side of the barrel body respectively; a partition is arranged between the upper cavity and the lower cavity; a first liquid receiving pipe extending into the lower cavity is arranged at the bottom of the upper cavity; the upper cavity is provided with a gas inlet tangent with the wall of the barrel body and used for introducing an oil-gas mixture; the spiral-flow barrel is detachably arranged in the upper cavity; a vent hole is formed in the lower end of the spiral-flow barrel; the blade separation element is arranged at the vent hole in the inner side of the spiral-flow barrel; a second liquid receiving pipe extending into the lower cavity is arranged at the bottom of the spiral-flow barrel; the filter element is detachably arranged in the spiral-flow barrel and clung to the top of the inner side of the spiral-flow barrel; a gas outlet communicated with the interior of the filter element is arranged on the barrel cover. Compared with the prior art, the integrated oil-gas separator is compact in structure, high in oil-gas separation efficiency and controllable in separation precision, and oil-gas separation is carried out for three times.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a thermoplastic polyurethane micro-airbag elastomer material, which comprises the following steps: (1) feeding liquid raw materials such as diisocyanate molecules and solid additives into a twin-screw reactor to carry out polymerization chain extension reaction to obtain high molecular weight (2) Push the high molecular weight hot melt into the mixing extruder to continue the reaction to generate a high molecular thermoplastic polyurethane melt; (3) continue to combine the obtained high molecular thermoplastic polyurethane melt with the polymer Pellets, etc. are added to the foaming extruder, and then extruded from the die head to the underwater pelletizing chamber in the form of high-pressure hot melt; (4) The pellets are carried by the process water and sent to the separation process through the multi-stage pressure release and expansion process water pipeline. Machine place, after separation, screening and drying, the target product will be formed. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can directly produce thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer materials from liquid raw materials such as MDI, which greatly reduces energy consumption and material consumption, and improves product yield and production efficiency.

The invention relates to an intelligent active-protection type bus handle. The intelligent active-protection type bus handle comprises a top block (1), a ring-pull (2) arranged on the lower surface of the top block (1) and a connecting piece (3) arranged on the upper surface of the top block (1). The intelligent active-protection type bus handle further comprises a controlling module (4), a power source (5), a pressure sensor (6) and two electronic control protective caps. According to the invention, the conventional bus handles are improved, an electronic controlling structure is adopted, and the electronic control protective caps act on the wrists of people who grasp the handle, so that the people are protected, the stability and security of the people who grasp the handle are greatly improved, and the people who grasp the handle are protected to the utmost extent.

The invention relates to an automatic vacuumizing container lid. The automatic vacuumizing container lid is designed based on an existing container lid structure, a brand-new intelligent detection control structure is introduced, and whether the container lid is covered with a container opening end with the dimension being matched with the container lid or not is detected and judged by designing the real-time work of a distance measuring sensor (5). In this way, intelligent control is conducted on a designed micro air pump (6), vacuumizing operation specific to air in a container is achieved, the effect that objects stored in the container are located in a vacuum environment is guaranteed, the storage time of the objects is prolonged, and the storage quality of the objects is improved.

The invention relates to intelligent motor driven type electric control handcuffs. An existing handcuff structure is improved, an intelligent motor driven type locking mechanism is introduced, and the hidden design is adopted. An electric control motor telescopic rod (10) is designed and introduced in a butt joint base (1). On the basis of detection of a fingerprint recognition module (8) designed on the surface of the butt joint base (1), a specifically-designed motor drive circuit (11) is combined, intelligent control is conducted on the electric control motor telescopic rod (10), and the electric control motor telescopic rod (10) is inserted in a sawtooth clamping opening area (4) of a through hole in the side face of the butt joint base (1) through a second semicircular lock ring (3) to achieve locking. Accordingly, handcuff locking and unlocking are achieved on the basis of the fingerprint recognition manner; due to the designed double-storage structure, the standard fingerprint storage and locking and unlocking record storage are achieved, the mode that the records can be inquired is achieved, and the defect of a traditional mechanical locking structure is overcome; and safety is greatly improved, and accordingly the police service safety is effectively improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical transmission equipment, and especially relates to a stepping servo actuator based on closed-loop control. The stepping servo actuator comprises a ball spline, a first motor and a second motor are arranged on the ball spline, a shaft body of the ball spline penetrates through a rotor of the first motor, and the rotor of the first motor and the ball spline rotate synchronously; the shaft body of the ball spline penetrates through a rotor of the second motor, and the rotor of the second motor and the ball spline rotate synchronously; and the rotor of the first motor is connected with a first encoder, and a rotor of the second motor is connected with a second encoder. The operation precision of the ball spline is improved, the effect of continuous operation without step loss is achieved, it is ensured that the overall size and weight of a product are effectively controlled, and it is ensured that the application field of the product is not affected under the condition that the product performance is improved.

The invention discloses a mixed flow stirring soybean milk machine which comprises a base, an outer barrel body, a barrel body fixing plate, a barrel cover and a stirring rotary disc. A heat insulation barrel is arranged on the inner side wall of the outer barrel body. A plurality of circles of heating pipes are arranged inside the heat insulation barrel. The inner sides of the heating pipes are provided with a heating barrel in a tight contact mode. The bottoms of the outer barrel body, the heat insulation barrel and the heating barrel are fixed to the base through the barrel body fixing plate. An outer rotary sleeve shaft penetrates through the center of the barrel body fixing plate. The portion, penetrating through the barrel body fixing plate, of the outer rotary sleeve shaft is sleeved with a sealing ring. An inner rotary shaft penetrates into the outer rotary sleeve shaft. The bottom of the outer rotary sleeve shaft and the bottom of the inner rotary shaft are provided with an outer rotary sleeve shaft driving gear and an inner rotary shaft driving gear. During smashing and stirring, disordered turbulent flow is formed, and the smashing and stirring effect and efficiency are improved.

The invention relates to an automatic vacuumizing container cover. A brand new intelligent detection control structure is introduced on the basis of an existing container cover structure; whether the container cover covers an open end, matched with the container cover in size, of a container or not is detected and judged by design of real-time operation of a distance measuring sensor (5); a filter circuit (10) designed particularly is used for filtering according to detection results to remove noise data, and accuracy of the detection results can be improved correspondingly; according to the detection results, a designed miniature air pump (6) is controlled intelligently to realize internal vacuumizing of the container, and consequently articles stored in the container can be kept in a vacuum environment, and storage time and storage quality of the articles can be improved.

The invention relates to an intelligent drive-type vacuumizing container cap; design is performed on the basis of an existing container cap structure, and a brand-new intelligent detection control structure is introduced; by designing real-time operation of a distance measuring sensor (5), detection is performed to judged whether a container opening end of which the size fits with the container cap covers the container cap or not, and hereby, a designed micro air pump (6) is intelligently controlled to realize vacuumizing operation on air in a container so as to keep an article stored in the container be in a vacuum environment, therefore storage time of the article is extended, and storage quality of the article is increased; meanwhile, by matching with a motor drive circuit (15) specifically designed, an expansion link motor (10) and a cover plate (11) are intelligently controlled, so that opening of the container can be conveniently realized under a vacuum state, and use becomes more humanized.

The invention relates to an intelligent active protection bus handle, comprising a top block (1), a pull ring (2) arranged on the lower surface of the top block (1), and a connecting piece (3) arranged on the upper surface of the top block (1) ); also includes a control module (4), a power supply (5), a pressure sensor (6) and two electric control protection covers; based on the technical scheme designed in the present invention, it is connected to form an intelligent active protection bus handle, the intelligent active protection bus handle designed in the present invention The active protection bus handle is designed to improve the existing bus handle, and introduces an electric control structure. The protective cover body acts on the wrist of the grasper to realize the active protection of the grasper, which greatly improves the gripper's grip. The stability and safety of the grip handle ensure the safety of the gripper to the greatest extent.

The invention provides an image sampling lens system, an image sampling device and an electronic device. The image sampling lens system sequentially comprises a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens and a sixth lens from the object side to the image side. The first lens has a positive refractive power, and the object-side surface of the first lens is a convex surface. The second lens has a negative refractive power. The third lens has a refractive power, and both the object-side surface and image-side surface of the third lens are aspheric surfaces. The fourth lens has a negative refractive power, and both the object-side surface and image-side surface of the fourth lens are aspheric surfaces. The fifth lens has a refractive power, and both the object-side surface and image-side surface of the fifth lens are aspheric surfaces. The sixth lens has a refractive power, and the object-side surface of the sixth lens is a concave surface. The image-side surface of the sixth lens is a convex surface. Both the object-side surface and image-side surface of the sixth lens are aspheric surfaces. In the foregoing configuration condition, the converging ability of the whole system is focused on the object-side end of the lens, and the volume of the system can be effectively controlled. Therefore, the carrying convenience is improved. In addition, the chromatic aberration of the system and the peripheral focusing positions of an image are corrected. At the same time, the bending of peripheral images is avoided.

The invention discloses a line length positioning method and device for feedback control of a variable cross-section flexible arm and a medium. The method comprises the following steps of: S1, takinga measured actual line length as an initial value of an equivalent line length of a current variable cross-section air bag section; S2, obtaining a bending angle theta and a bending degree according to the initial value; S3, respectively obtaining a displacement angle beta i according to the bending angle theta and the bending degree; S4, obtaining a calculation value of the equivalent line lengthaccording to the beta i, d0 and d1; S5, taking the calculation value of the equivalent line length as an initial value of three equivalent line lengths of the current variable cross-section air bag section, and then repeating the steps S1-S4 for iteration to obtain final theta and beta i; S6, repeating the steps S1-S5 to obtain relative coordinates of the tail ends of the variable cross-section air bag sections; and S7, converting the relative coordinates of each variable cross-section air bag section into an absolute coordinate system for accumulation to obtain accurate coordinate positionsof each variable cross-section air bag section and the tail end of the variable cross-section flexible arm in the absolute coordinate system. The device is simple in structure, high in precision and high in adaptability.

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage recycling, and discloses recycling equipment which comprises a case, a pushing structure, a compression structure and a storage mechanism, the pushing structure and the compression structure are arranged in a first containing cavity of the case, and the storage mechanism is arranged in a second containing cavity of the case. The case is provided with a feeding port and a first opening communicating with the first containing cavity and the second containing cavity, the compression structure compresses and packs materials from the feeding port in the first direction, the storage density of the materials is increased, the occupied size of the materials is reduced, and the size of the recycling equipment is effectively controlled. The material pushing structure is located on the side, away from the second containing cavity, of the compression structure, the compressed and packaged materials are pushed into the second containing cavity through the first opening in the second direction, the materials are lifted in the first direction through the material storage mechanism so that the packaged materials can be stored in a stacked mode, the space storage amount is increased, and the clearing and transporting frequency and the clearing and transporting cost are reduced; according to the layout, the space utilization rate is optimized, and the technical problems that the storage and / or clearing cost of recycling equipment is increased and the space utilization rate is low are effectively solved.

The invention relates to a drive circulating type solution bottle with intelligent filtering detection. According to the circulating type solution bottle with intelligent filtering detection, improvement is carried out based on the structural basis of the traditional solution bottle, and a new electronic control structure is introduced into the design; based on control of a pressure sensor (8) matching with a concretely designed filter circuit (15), a design of an auxiliary bottle body (3) is introduced aiming at the structural basis of designing a bottle mouth groove (12) in the bottom of a solution bottle body (1) and is used for containing a concentrated solution; and then with combination of a channel, which is designed to penetrate through the solution bottle body (1) and the auxiliary bottle body (3), between a second bottle mount (10) and the bottle mouth groove (12) in the top part of the auxiliary bottle body (3), an electronic structure designed based on a rotary motor (9) and a baffle (5) realizes use of the concentrated solution in the solution bottle body (1) according to a proportion, so that the designed circulating type solution bottle with intelligent filtering detection can be recycled, and the working efficiency is improved.

An energy storage device based on a hydrogen-steam turbine compound cycle in the technical field of energy storage comprises a condenser, a pump, an electrolysis unit, a gas turbine unit and a steam turbine which are sequentially connected in series to form a cycle system, wherein the gas turbine unit comprises a gas heat exchanger mechanism, a gas turbine mechanism and a hydrogen and oxygen combustion chamber; a gas inlet of the gas heat exchanger mechanism is connected with the electrolysis unit; a gas outlet of the gas heat exchanger mechanism is connected with the gas turbine mechanism; a gas outlet of the gas turbine mechanism is connected with the hydrogen and oxygen combustion chamber; a gas outlet of the hydrogen and oxygen combustion chamber is connected with the steam turbine; the gas heat exchanger mechanism is located inside the hydrogen and oxygen combustion chamber. The energy storage device based on the hydrogen-steam turbine compound cycle has the advantages of being high in energy storage density and electric energy reduction efficiency, small in system size and the like, and can provide guarantees for large-scale application of clean energy.