The invention relates to a fluidized calcination device and method for treating high-iron low-aluminum coal series kaolinite. The device comprises a feed bin, a gas burner, a suspended preheater, a suspended calcination unit, a cyclone separator, an iron removal reductor, an electric magnetic iron remover, a whiteness monitor, a material cooler and a Roots blower. The method comprises the following steps: putting the raw material high-iron low-aluminum coal series kaolinite in the feed bin, preheating the material subjected to primary separation in the suspended preheater, calcining in the suspended calcination unit, and carrying out reduction reaction in the iron removal reductor; and cooling to normal temperature, carrying out magnetic separation in the electric magnetic iron remover to remove magnetic iron minerals, inspecting by the whiteness monitor to obtain the acceptable product, and cooling to normal temperature. The device can efficiently treat high-iron coal series kaolinite, has the advantages of sufficient calcination process and high product whiteness, can effectively remove iron tramp minerals in the raw material, and can easily implement large-size industrial production.