The invention relates to a Kr-85 sealed radioactive source vacuum inflation system and an inflation method. The system comprises a booster pump, an aluminum protection module, a radioactive source tank, a low-temperature recovery tank, a reserved expansion port, an instrument, a valve assembly, a pneumatic control component, a pneumatic pump, a vacuum pump and a control box, wherein the pneumaticpump, the vacuum pump and the control box are used in matching. The inflation method comprises the following steps of source box installation; system vacuumizing; source box leakage detection; raw material gas releasing; inflating or pressurizing and inflating; source shell connection cutting off and source shell sealing; liquid nitrogen adding, and pipeline gas recovering by a raw material tank;and liquid nitrogen adding, and residual gas recovery by a tail gas tank. By means of the system, the operation safety is improved, the Kr-85 sealed source performance is improved, the production process is simplified, the inflation pressure is increased, emergency treatment is conducted on accidents in the radioactive source production process, safety protection measures are set, misoperation isprevented, and meanwhile, efficient recovery of residual radioactive gas is achieved.