129results about How to "Improve ecological function" patented technology

The invention belongs to a forest, greening and ecological restoration field and relates to a greening method for increasing plant diversity by simulating a natural plant community. The method comprises steps of: investigating the present situation and history of natural and local plant communities in a city or an area; evaluating and selecting natural and local plant communities; optimizing the selected natural and local plant communities; breeding seedlings of the natural and local plants; applying greening projects which simulate the natural and local plant communities; and subsequently optimizing and evaluating simulative natural and local plant communities and the projects. Utilizing the multi-layer plant community characteristics (multi-layer, multi-structure, multi-function) of the natural and local plant communities, the invention establishes close-natural plant communities which can fully utilize space resources, adapt to local environments and form stable and long-term coexistence; the invention can achieve a large green quantity per unit space, good ecological benefits and powerful ecological functions, substantially increase biological diversity of urban greenland, improve landscape functions, show regional characteristics and reduce maintenance costs.

The invention provides a large filling bag ecological embankment and revetment building method for a river lake channel. The method comprises the steps that (1), on the basis of cleaning and leveling, an embankment structure is filled with cleaned river lake bottom mud layer by layer through the large filling bag technology until the embankment structure reaches up to a designed elevation of the embankment top and the height of 0.5-1 m beyond the designed elevation is reserved through filling construction; (2), the cleaned river lake bottom mud is filled through a land pump, or special complete equipment and corresponding construction technologies are adopted to directly conduct mechanical paving and filling, and then the filled cleaned river lake bottom mud is sewn into bags; and (3), filling soil materials of the large geotextile filling bag embankment structure are taken from local resources, the bottom mud obtained through river lake regulation and channel excavation and cleaning is used as the filling soil materials, the initial water content of the filling soil materials is controlled within the range from 50%-80%, and the large filling bag embankment structure which is layered appropriately is adopted according to the practical situation. According to the method, the design is reasonable, the process is simple, construction is easy, operation is convenient, cost is low, popularization is easy, the ecological functions are good, and the method is applicable to ecological management and ecological channel construction of river lakes in soft soil areas.

The invention discloses a construction and building method of an anti-pollution mangrove forest protection forest. The construction and building method comprises the following steps that 1-2-year seedling mangrove plant species with the standard municipal sewage rate being more than 50% are selected according to municipal sewage standards; annular pagatpat annual or laguncularia racemosa biennial seedling forest zone with the width being 15m-20m is planted and constructed on mudflats which have more serious offshore pollution and great storms and are unsuitable for afforestation; after a pagatpat or laguncularia racemosa forest is planted for 2-3 years, the mangrove plant species are planted in a space in an offshore annular zone with the width being 15m-20m; the plant spacing and the row spacing for planting pagatpat or laguncularia racemosa are 1m-2m and 1m-2m respectively; the plant spacing of planting a local mangrove forest is 0.5m-1m and the row spacing is 0.5m-1m. According to the construction and building method, the mangrove forest is built on the mudflats which have more serious offshore pollution and great storms and are unsuitable for afforestation, so that the local mangrove forest can be built while exotic species are planted; the landscape ecology is coordinated and the species are diversified and abundant; the mangrove forest is high in survival rate and has good anti-pollution and anti-storm performances.

The invention provides an in-situ biological enhancing and benthic environment biological repairing method for bottom mud. The method comprises the following steps: 1) scattering a bottom mud biological curing repair agent into polluted bottom mud in a natural water domain and fully and uniformly stirring the mixture for 8-10 min to biologically modifying the bottom mud; 2) leaving the mixture tostand for 5-10 min after stirring, observing the character of the bottom mud which is modified, carrying out a next step if obvious mud-water separation is available, and otherwise, leaving the mixture to stand for 3-5 min continuously; 3) adding immobilized microbial carrier filler, and leaving the mixture to stand after full and uniform stirring. The method provided by the invention inhibits pollutant release of the bottom mud and degradation of the pollutants by means of the bottom mud biological curing repair agent and an immobilized microbial combination technique on a basis of not destroying the natural circulation of the water body, so that pollution of the overlying water body is reduced.

The invention discloses a method for constructing and building arbor wave-eliminating forest belt on non-forestry river mouth sludge intertidal zone beach, wherein the method belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation. The method comprises the following steps of A, manual ditching and fetching soil for manufacturing piers and lifting ground; B, planting arbor container seedlings; C, performing mechanical soil working and planting a mangrove forest; D, planting intersected arbors in a mangrove planting area; and E, performing ditch cleaning and supporting, thereby improving tree growth and beach siltation. The method of the invention has functions of realizing normal growth of arbor trees such as Casuarina equisetifolia on the wetland of the non-forestry river mouth sludge intertidal zone beach, improving survival rate of the protection forest, successively applying creation of wave-eliminating forest belt on the wetland of the non-forestry beach, facilitating restoring and reconstruction of the biological system on the wetland of the non-forestry beach, facilitating resistance for great natural disasters such as typhoon and flooding tide at coastal regions, and performing a positive function on economic development of Chinese sea.

The invention relates to a sewage treatment system for water shortage cities and a storage and advanced treatment method of sewage and rainwater, belonging to the technical field of water treatment. The system comprises a pretreatment station house, stabilization ponds, a drainage and irrigation station house and artificial wetlands, wherein the stabilization ponds are divided into an anaerobic pond, a facultative pond, a primary aquatic plant pond, a secondary aquatic plant pond, a primary aquatic animal pond and a secondary aquatic animal pond; the artificial wetlands are constructed around the stabilization ponds and divide each of the stabilization ponds; and a culvert pipe passes through the space below the artificial wetlands among the pretreatment station house, the stabilization ponds and the drainage and irrigation station house to enable the pretreatment station house, each stabilization pond and the drainage and irrigation station house to be sequentially connected in series. Biological floras, planted aquatic plants or cultured aquatic animals are respectively put in each stabilization pond, and sewage and rainwater sequentially enter each stabilization pond to be purified. The invention has the advantages of low manufacturing cost and operating cost and easy maintenance and can be used for carrying out effective and reliable sewage treatment.

The invention discloses a staged hard ecological drainage channel for a farmland. After an original hard drainage channel is mounted, a local migration path of one part of drained water in the channelis changed by virtue of diversion, reversal flow, turbulence and the like, and retention time is prolonged. Moreover, due to filtration, adsorption, absorption and degradation effects of packing substrates, plants, microbes and the like, drainage pollutants are preliminarily intercepted and purified, drained water with small flow and high pollution degree is subjected to staged interception and purification according to a hydraulic engineering design of a standardized farmland on premise of not influencing normal hydraulic engineering requirements, the hard drainage channel is subjected to ecological reconstruction, and the content of pollutants in the drainage channel is reduced, so that the interception and purification effects of the original channel on farmland drainage are improved.Moreover, the whole staged hard ecological drainage channel for the farmland is simple in design, the original hard drainage channel is reconstructed into a linear wetland system with environmental benefits and ecological benefits, farmland drainage pollutants can be effectively treated, and impact load resistance of a regional field parcel non-point source pollution control system is improved.

The invention discloses a forage hedgerow soil conservation planting technology, comprising the following steps of: tillage and land preparation, seeding and seedling, and plantation. The technology has the following advantages that: the forage hedgerow can prominently reduce sediment loss amount and runoff and has good effect of fast controlling water and soil loss; the forage hedgerow promotes value-cost ratio of energy of the entire system and becomes an effective measure to enhance the agricultural efficiency in hilly areas; bean forage hedgerow can offer excellent shelter to ground spider so as to enrich the diversity of spiders in farmland. The technology not only focuses on ecological and social benefits, but can also create economical benefit, in addition, the technology realizes sustainable agricultural development on dry hillside fields, effectually controls water and soil loss of dry hillside farmlands, enriches soil fertility, enhances grain yield and can also produce a certain amount of high-grade forage to further guarantee the supply of partial feed for the development of animal husbandry in agricultural regions.

The invention relates to a land soil modifer, in particular to a modifer for the physical properties of greenbelt soil and a use method thereof. The modifer mainly comprises the following components:organic waste compost, wood charcoal, rice hull ash, coco coir, attapulgite powder and a microbial agent, wherein a volume percent ratio of the organic waste compost to the wood charcoal to the rice hull ash to the coco coir to the attapulgite powder is (40-55%): (2-4%): (2-4%): (2-4%): (0.5-1%). The modifer for the physical properties of greenbelt soil is scientifically prepared from recycling products of organic waste, organic and inorganic materials, the microbial agent and other materials according to a certain proportion, and is applied to different types of greenbelt habitats such as lawns, arbor and shrub planting holes and road greenbelts; and through usage of the modifer and microbial agents, the problem of degradation of soil physical properties such as volume weight, air permeability, infiltration rate, aggregate structure, non-capillary porosity and the like of the greenbelt soil is effectively improved, a good long-acting promotion effect is achieved on the growth of greenbelt plants, and the sustainability of the ecological function of greenbelt is improved.

The invention discloses a rainwater collecting, using and discharging system applied to collapsible loess region road sponge facilities. The rainwater collecting, using and discharging system comprises a green belt, the cross section of the green belt is in an arc concave shape, and the arc concave type green belt is provided with a planting soil layer, a fine particle gradation metaling layer, acoarse grain gradation metaling layer and a sand gravel layer; in the sand gravel layer, a permeable pipe is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the green belt; and the periphery of the permeable pipe is filled with open-graded friction course crushed stones, and the peripheries of the open-graded friction course crushed stones are covered with permeable geotechnical cloth. Water collectingponds are arranged on the longitudinal center line of the green belt every 40m; the water collecting ponds are connected with the permeable pipe in a sealing mode, core walls are arranged on the lowerpart of the water collecting ponds, and grid square filtering plates are mounted at the upper ends of the core walls; and cover plates are arranged at the tops of the water collecting ponds, the cover plates are provided with holes, and when rainwater is large, excess water in the green belt is discharged into the water collecting ponds. A water discharging pipe is arranged at the bottom, close to a rainwater well, of the wall bodies of the water collecting ponds, and thus the rainwater is discharged into a road rainwater dandruff comb or the rainwater well. According to the rainwater collecting, using and discharging system, rainwater can be controlled and used, the construction form is simple, the cost is low, and the construction is easy.

The invention discloses an irrigation channel with ecological pools. The irrigation channel comprises a channel body and the ecological pools distributed below the channel body at equal intervals. First concrete cover plates flush with the bottom of the channel are arranged on the tops of the ecological pools below the channel body, and a series of through holes are formed in the first concrete cover plates. The ecological pools extend to one side or two sides according to available spaces on the two sides of the channel. Solid second concrete cover plates or second concrete cover plates with through holes are arranged between the lateral pool portions extending to one side or two sides and the channel body, and the second concrete cover plates are flush with an original slope and the top of the channel. The tops of the lateral pool portions are flush with the top of the channel. A third concrete cover plate with a series of through holes is arranged on the tops of the lateral pool portions. The cover plates and the channel body are connected into a whole, and an original section mode of the channel is kept. The irrigation channel improves the biological habitat of a traditional channel, proper ecological space and a shelter site are created, biodiversity is maintained, and the ecological function of the irrigation channel is improved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an inorganic clay-alkali cellulose water-retaining material. The method comprises the following steps: adding alkali cellulose with a mass of 0.1-4.5% of a mass of inorganic clay into the inorganic clay, performing uniform mixing, adding tap water with a mass of 60-85% of the mass of the inorganic clay, performing uniform stirring, performing drying,and performing crushing to obtain the inorganic clay-alkali cellulose composite water-retaining material. The method disclosed by the invention uses the natural inorganic clay as a raw material, so that production costs of a soil water-saving material can be well reduced; and the clay can provide necessary nutrients for psammophytes to make the psammophytes grow quickly. A long-chain structure ofthe alkali cellulose and strong hydrophilic groups carried by the alkali cellulose make the material have good water retention and water absorption performance in addition to excellent cohesiveness;and the soil water-retaining material prepared by the method has excellent water retention performance, can effectively reduce water loss, improve a soil ecological function, provide good soil and water conditions for plant growth, and promote growth of vegetation or crops.

The invention provides an ecological space optimization and function improvement method for a river wetland, and belongs to the technical field of river treatment. The ecological space optimization and function improvement method for the river wetland comprises the steps that the space structure of a current river is determined and analyzed to obtain the area proportion of different river structures; the overflow capacity of the river is determined, and the flood discharge capacity of the current river is analyzed; on the basis of the cross section of a river channel, the earthwork balance principle, the flood discharge capacity and the shoal flooding duration and depth serve as calculation bases, analysis is conducted through a bisection method, the river channel excavation position, the excavation depth, the vertical desilting space and the desilting volume are determined correspondingly, and a river shoal wetland is optimized; and the space structure area, the proportion condition and the ecological space change quantity of the river channel before and after optimization are correspondingly analyzed, and an ecological space optimization scheme of the river channel is evaluated. According to the ecological space optimization and function improvement method for the river wetland, the section of the river is optimized and treated based on comprehensive consideration of the structure and the function of a river system, the ecological function improvement and the environment optimization of the river are realized, and references are provided for restoration protection and function improvement of river wetlands in China and regional flood control and disaster reduction of the river wetlands.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an organic compound fertilizer. The organic compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of livestock and poultry excrement, 5-10 parts of aquatic plant, 13-18 parts of crop straw, 15-22 parts of moss and 20-45 parts of sophora alopecuroide, wherein the raw materials are subjected to mixed fermentation for making a fertilizer without the additional arrangement of a thin film, so that the fermentation can be implemented. According to the compound fertilizer, the livestock and poultry excrement and crop straws are adopted as the raw materials, the pollution is reduced, the reutilization is realized, and the raw materials are low in cost; the aquatic plants are convenient to obtain and easy for salvage, and can reduce water body pollution; the moss contains a larger number of nutrients, is convenient to obtain, rich in various active substances such as organic matters, amino acid, vitamin and phytohormone, and can protect crop well and reduce diseases; the sophora alopecuroide has higher medicinal value and ecological functions, can reduce the plant diseases and insect pests, and is a good organic fertilizer.

The invention provides a method for vegetation construction and combined restoration of coastal heavy saline-alkali land. The method comprises the four steps of S1, soil improvement, wherein ridging and raising are conducted, and a strip field is built; S2, plant configuration, wherein plant materials suitable for local growth are selected, and evergreen tree species and deciduous tree species arereasonably matched according to seasonal aspect variation characteristics; S3, vegetation construction, wherein firstly, halophytes are planted, vegetation coverage is increased, and soil traits aregradually improved, woody plants are planted 1-2 years later, and a good plantation ecosystem is created; S4, cultivating management. Through the four steps, a complete operation system is formed forthe saline-alkali land from improvement to vegetation construction, and a feasible and efficient method is provided for the improvement of the heavy saline-alkali land in a coastal area.

The invention provides an ecological restoration method for a black and odorous river channel, and belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment. According to the method, ecological restoration is carried out on the black and odorous river channel from five aspects of source control and sewage interception, bottom mud treatment, water body purification, ecological restoration and maintenance management, and the method is high in operability, thorough in treatment and high in treatment efficiency; through reconstruction of a riverway ecological system, the self-cleaning capacity of the water body is gradually restored, the peculiar smell and chroma of the black and odorous water body are gradually eliminated, finally ecological balance of the water body is achieved, the water quality is improved, the water body ecological system can be healthily and stably developed for a long time, and good environment-friendly and ecological functions are achieved.