The high-bearing-capacity pavement structure comprises a graded broken stone layer, a mortar layer is laid on the graded broken stone layer, a bonding layer is laid on the mortar layer, and an asphalt concrete overlay layer is laid on the bonding layer; a reinforcement cage is arranged in the bonding layer, outer ribs are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the reinforcement cage, and the outer ribs extend into the mortar layer and the asphalt concrete overlay layer. The paving construction method of the high-bearing-capacity pavement structure comprises the following steps: 1) leveling a site and erecting a template; (2) paving a large-particle-size gravel layer; (3) paving a small-particle-size gravel layer; (4) rolling to form a graded broken stone layer; the construction method comprises the following steps of (1) paving cement mortar to form a gravel grouting layer, (2) mounting a reinforcement cage, (3) paving a bonding layer, (4) paving a bonding layer, and (5) paving cement mortar to form a gravel grouting layer, (6) mounting a reinforcement cage, (7) paving a mortar layer, (8) paving a bonding layer, and (9) paving an asphalt concrete overlay layer.By adopting the structure and the method, the pavement structure is optimized, the stability between layers of pavements is enhanced, the slippage risk of the pavement is reduced, and reliable environmental conditions are provided for normal operation of roads.