The invention discloses an electromagnetically-driven organic solid waste pyrolysis system. The system comprises a furnace body, a cavity, an inner container and a variable-frequency electromagnetic coil, wherein the cavity is formed in the center of the furnace body, the variable-frequency electromagnetic coil is arranged between the furnace body and the cavity, the inner container is placed in the cavity, a to-be-treated mixture of organic solid waste and magnetic materials is contained in the inner container, and the inner container is provided with an air inlet pipeline and an exhaust pipeline which extend out of the furnace body. The invention also discloses an organic solid waste pyrolysis method. According to the organic solid waste pyrolysis system, the heating mode is endogenous heating, the magnetic materials absorb electromagnetic energy and convert the electromagnetic energy into heat, the heat is directly used for heating the organic solid waste, the heat diffusion process is omitted, the heat energy utilization rate is increased, and side reactions are reduced.