The present invention relates to an assembly-type non-adhesive floorboard that tightly contacts the floor and can be easily installed, dismantled, and maintained and a method for tightly installing a floorboard using same, the floorboard comprising: a base panel made of an elastic material; a surface material, which is made of a material that is harder than the base panel, and which is laminated on the upper surface of the base panel; and an anti-slip sheet laminated on the lower surface of the base panel, wherein a protrusion and a coupling groove, to which the protrusion is coupled, are formed on both sides of the base panel such that the floorboard can tightly contact the floor firmly while facilitating installation and dismantling thereof. The present invention is advantageous in that, when floorboards are assembled by coupling protrusions to the coupling grooves and are placed on the floor of a building, anti-slip panels are forced against the floor; the base panels are made of calcium carbonate boards, which are elastic, such that, even if the floor is not completely level but is curved, the base panels are deformed appropriately and the entire anti-slip panels make a completely tight contact with the floor without detaching upward from the floor; accordingly, the assembly-type floorboards can be effectively forced against and fixed to the floor without having to use an adhesive, thereby facilitating installation and dismantling thereof; and, during heating, heat is effectively transferred from the floor to upper surfaces, and no jolt occurs even when the floor is uneven.