The invention discloses an avibactam sodium synthesis method. In the existing synthesis method, the production cost is high, the selectivity of the intermediate is low during the reducing so as to cause the reduced yield, and the large-scale production is limited by the high toxicity of the side-product generated in the reaction, no environment protection and other factors. According to the present invention, 5-hydroxy-2-pyridine ethyl formate is used as a starting raw material, and 11 steps such as reduction hydrogenation, biological lipase resolution, electrophilic addition, nucleophilic substitution, Boc removing, aminolysis, intramolecular urealysis, debenzylation, sulfonic acid esterification, salt formation and cation exchange are performed to obtain avibactam sodium; and the synthesis method has advantages of high yield, short route, mild reaction conditions, low environmental pollution, easy large-scale preparation and the like.