34 results about "Biogeochemistry" patented technology

The invention relates to a biogeochemical effect simulation experiment system under the methane leakage condition. A methane gas source is connected with a gas inlet arranged at the bottom part of a reaction kettle in a thermotank through a mute air compressor, a gas booster pump, a gas storage container, a valve control flowmeter and a check valve. The gas storage container is connected with a hand crank through a back pressure value and a buffer tank. A constant flux pump is connected with the gas inlet through a microbial container and a seawater container. A vacuum pump is connected with the upper gas outlet of the reaction kettle. Depiction of the flow process of methane gas leakage and depiction of the related microbial action in the sedimentary deposit can be solved, and the biogeochemical behavior caused by methane leakage in the submarine sedimentary deposit can be objectively reproduced so that the students are enabled to understand the water-rock-gas-microbial interaction and the related microbial action in the sedimentary deposit, and the favorable equipment and the research method can be provided for researching the hydrate decomposition and formation mechanism and the associated environmental effects thereof.

The invention discloses a high-resolution remote sensing image vegetation index time sequence correcting method based on a moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensing image. The method comprises the four stages of construction of an HJ normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time sequence and a low-middle spatial resolution remote sending image NDVI time sequence, co-integration testing of an HJ time sequence and a time sequence of a corresponding pixel of a low-middle spatial resolution remote sensing image, testing of an abnormal section of the HJ NDVI time sequence, and correction of the abnormal section of the HJ NDVI time sequence. According to the method, the abnormity, caused by climate reasons, of a sequence curve form of the HJ NDVI time sequence can be corrected, the accuracy and the usability are improved, and effective data is provided for research on a biogeochemistry model under high temporal-spatial resolution. Meanwhile, the method is applied to the time sequence of a certain vegetation index from other high-middle-resolution remote sensing images.

The invention discloses a remote sensing data-based high-precision agricultural region ground surface temperature retrieval method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating relationship between thermal radiation intensity and temperature, and performing non-linear approximation on Planck function by utilizing exponential function; and on the basis, carrying out derivation of a high-precision retrieval method of the ground surface temperature of the agricultural region by combining ground surface thermal radiation transmission equation. According to the method, the ground surface emissivity and atmospheric transmittance are required: NDVI of the ground surface of the agricultural region can be extracted by utilizing the data of ASTER visible light waveband and near infrared waveband so as to further calculate the emissivity data; the content of atmospheric water vapor can be retrieved by utilizing the data of MODIS near infrared waveband, and accurate atmospheric transmittance data can be obtained by fitting the relationship between atmospheric transmittance and the content of atmospheric water vapor through utilizing segmental cubic polynomial fitting. The ground surface temperature of the agricultural region can be accurately obtained, the space-time distribution of the ground surface temperature can be accurately analyzed, the space difference of the regional temperature can be analyzed, thus providing basic data for agriculture, weather, hydrology, ecology, biogeochemistry and the like.

A new and improved in situ biogeochemical reactor, methods for constructing such reactors, and methods for using such reactors, for biodegradation, detoxification and mineralization of toxic organic and inorganic compounds, especially dioxins, in contaminated geologic settings, such as waterways is disclosed. The system includes both an anaerobic component and an aerobic component that are coupled to each other. The system is enriched with carbon, nutrients and growth factors in sufficient amounts to establish a full spectrum oxidation-reduction gradient thereby enabling, promoting and providing indigenous microbial populations to biodegrade, detoxify, and mineralize toxic organic and inorganic compounds in a contaminated geological site.

The invention discloses a method for treating a biological marker by using a kerabitumen hydrogenation pyrolysis catalyst and belongs to the field of geochemistry. The method comprises the following steps of: reacting ammonium molybdate with sulfide to prepare a catalyst precursor thioammonium molybdate; preparing water/methanol solution of thioammonium molybdate; dipping a sediment sample into the solution and performing vacuum drying, so that the mass percentage of the loaded molybdenum (Mo) is 1 percent; hydrogenating and pyrolyzing the sample by adopting temperature programming operation; and collecting the reaction product by using a dry ice cold trap. The method is applicable in the fields of oil gas geochemistry, biogeochemistry, coal chemistry and the like. By the method, typical biomarker compounds can be effectively extracted from high-evolution sedimentary organic matters in a geologic body; the problem that sufficient biomarker compounds are generated difficultly in the conventional test system is solved; and deficiency of the free biomarker compounds is overcome by organic micromolecules bonded by covalent bond in the kerabitumen and obtained by pyrolyzing. The method is simple and convenient and high in catalytic property, and has a wide application prospect in the field of geochemistry.

The invention discloses a biogeochemical in-situ experimental device used for deep sea. The biogeochemical in-situ experimental device comprises a seawater sampling device, a reagent and cultivation bag system, a reagent selecting and quantifying device and a control device, and can realize the following five functions under the actions of a peristaltic pump, a solenoid valve and a rotary valve: afunction of introducing seawater into a cultivation bag, a reagent quantifying function, a function of introducing the reagent into the cultivation bag, a reagent runner cleaning function, an experimental stopping function and a stop agent cleaning function. The existing experimental process and experimental method in a lab are placed onto a sea bottom to perform in situ, so that the purposes ofregularly, quantitatively and automatically performing sample cultivation and experiment marking by the deep-sea biogeochemical experimental device in the deep sea in situ is realized. The cultivationbag in the to-be-recycled biogeochemical in-situ experimental device is taken out, and content change of reactants, reaction products and isotope tracer agents is analyzed in the lab, so that experimental data such as biogeochemical dynamic data of a deep sea in-situ environment can be obtained, and therefore, data support and basis are provided for disclosing a marine biogeochemical circulatingmechanism.

The invention relates to a degradation method for detecting alga organic phosphorus in lakes and application thereof, belonging to the field of water resource ecological environment treatment. The combination of a liquid 31P-NMR technique and enzyme hydrolysis is utilized to detect alga organic phosphorus in lakes; and different organic phosphorus hydrolases are added to simulate the degradation characteristics and release laws of organic phosphorus in the lake water body and deposit after algae die and become rotten and decomposed, and estimate the contribution of the alga organic phosphorus to the lake endogenous phosphorus, thereby providing important scientific references for searching for the biogeochemical cycle mechanism of the eutrophicated lake endogenous phosphorus.

The invention relates to a contamination polyphase metabolism germiculture and product collection interface device used for an analyzer, aiming at solving the problem of on-line detection combined use. The technical proposal is as follows: the contamination polyphase metabolism germiculture and product collection interface device consists of a germiculture device and a cooling dewatering device which are communicated with each other. The germiculture device comprises a bottle body, a bottle cap and a liner tube which is arranged in the bottle body. The bottle cap is provided with two switching valves. Two pipelines are communicated with the inside and the outside of the bottle cap by the switching valves. Two pipelines at the outer end of the bottle cap are provided with a throttle switch. Two pipelines at the inner end of the bottle cap are extended into the liner tube with different lengths. The pipeline with longer extended end is a gas-carrier inlet pipeline, and the pipeline with shorter extended end is a gas-carrier outlet pipeline. A sealing ring is arranged between the bottle body and the bottle cap. The contamination polyphase metabolism germiculture and product collection interface device satisfies the requirements of germiculture and gaseous production collection and also has the function of being convenient for on-line use combined with a subsequent analyzer at the same time, thus facilitating the analytic determination of the product. The contamination polyphase metabolism germiculture and product collection interface device can provide a proper test interface device for studying the biogeochemical characteristics of arsenic and other toxic elements and obtain exact real-time analysis data.

The invention discloses a method for determining a heavy metal emission management and control value based on a critical load. The method is based on a biogeochemical process of heavy metals, and studies the trending processes of the biogeochemical process under different land utilization modes. The method comprises the steps of: firstly, optimizing a traditional critical load model according to aplant absorption type and water environment migration and transformation model; secondly, determining a critical load value based on three environmental effects of current situation balance, a waterenvironment effect and a health risk; thirdly, carrying out critical load drawing and supercritical load drawing; and finally, determining a final heavy metal emission management and control value according to a probability distribution method. Through ingenious design, a spatial refined heavy metal critical load model is further constructed, the degrees and ranges of heavy metal supercritical loads under different environmental effects are recognized, heavy metal emission control values under different land utilization modes and different management targets are determined, and the method canbe applied to pollution source control management.

An ecological system model for a self-sustaining and resilient human habitation on the Moon and Mars and for food security and climate change mitigation anywhere on Earth. It takes into account the ecological and biological theories and principles by which Earth ecosystems function and applies this knowledge to the establishment of a closed ecological system that mimics the self-sustaining and resilient capacity of Earth. Three zones are used for human habitation, agriculture, and ecological buffer. Expedited primary succession is used to initially establish the agricultural zone and ecological buffer zone with fully functioning biogeochemical cycles and ecological services. Competitive redundancy ensures the security of the food crops while maintaining the biodiversity of plant species. Ecological service reservoirs provide the additional buffering capacity that would normally be supplies by surrounding ecosystems on Earth.

The invention relates to a system and method for the substantially permanent biogeochemical stabilization of solids impacted with hexavalent chromium/Cr(VI), including chromite ore processing residue (“COPR”). The invention comprises a novel treatment method of adding amendment(s) to COPR or other chromate impacted solids for the purpose of (1) weathering COPR minerals (when present) to convert the minerals that control alkalinity of the COPR to non-alkaline forms and liberate incorporated hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in the process; (2) providing a chemical reductant (ferrous iron) to rapidly and permanently reduce the available Cr(VI) to trivalent form (Cr(III)); and/or (3) supporting longer-term biogeochemical Cr(VI) reduction enhanced by recycling of the chemical reductant, ultimately rendering the material non-hazardous as measured by acceptable methods. Amendments include but are not limited to acids; sources of ferrous iron; fermentable organic carbon source(s); and/or a source of active anaerobic microbes.

The invention discloses an ex-situ determination method for the pH value of plant sap. The ex-situ determination method comprises the following steps: washing an air-dried or kiln-dried plant organ sample with tap water and deionized water five times respectively, then drying the plant organ sample in a drying box at 40 DEG C, then crushing the plant organ sample with pulverizer and carrying out screening with a 60-mesh sieve; accurately weighing 0.4 to 0.6 g of powder obtained in the previous step, placing the powder in a teflon crucible, then adding 2 to 5 mL of deionized water to allow the powder to be totally immersed in the deionized water and then carrying out standing and immersion for 30 to 60 min; and filtering out leachate and determining the pH value of the leachate by using a pH electrode so as to obtain the pH value of plant sap. The method provided by the invention overcomes the technical problem that the pH value of plant sap can only be determined in situ in an organ and provides technical guarantee for application of the pH value to research of fields like phytophysiology, plant nutriology and biogeochemistry.

In some embodiments, the invention provides a method for converting of a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) waste product to a gypsum-enriched product by fostering growth of sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in the FGD waste product. Also provided are isolated sulfur oxidizing bacteria cultures as well as kits comprising an isolated sulfur oxidizing bacteria culture and written instructions for fostering the growth of the isolated sulfur oxidizing bacteria culture in FGD waste product to product a gypsum-enriched product.

The invention discloses a method for acquiring key parameters of a river multi-stage dam system. The method comprises the following steps: 1) constructing a biogeochemical income and expenditure model and a pollutant output coefficient model of drainage basin pollutants; 2) acquiring a pollutant river-entering coefficient of the small watershed, and simulating a pollutant river-entering amount of the small watershed; 3) determining the relationship among the river flow, the residence time, the multi-stage dam and the river pollutant rejection rate; 4) according to the initial concentration of non-point source pollution in the river, the predicted concentration after interception and purification and the interception rate of the single-stage dam to pollutants, determining the stage number of dam construction; according to the river multistage dam system key parameter obtaining method, the precision of large-scale watershed non-point source pollution simulation and the precision of watershed non-point source pollution time scale simulation are improved, the river self-purification capacity is enhanced, the water quality of a water body is improved, and the emission requirement of receiving water body pollutants is met.

According to the marine ecology classification method, a marine organism environment area is divided into two scenes and four components; the two scenes comprise a biological geographic scene classification unit and an aquatic scene classification unit, and the four components comprise a water body component classification unit, a landform component classification unit, a substrate component classification unit and a biological component classification unit. The water body component classification unit is divided into five sub-components including a water layer, temperature, salinity, hydrological morphology and biogeochemical characteristics; the landform component classification unit is divided into four sub-components including a structural landform, a geographical environment landform, a first-level landform and a second-level landform; the substrate component classification unit comprises a substrate large class, a substrate class, a substrate subclass, a substrate group and a substrate subgroup; the biological component classification unit comprises biological large classes, biological classes, biological subclasses, biological groups and biological communities. According to the invention, various kinds of ocean data can be integrated under a unified ecological framework, mapping application can be carried out, and spatialized natural resource management based on an ocean ecological system is supported.

The invention discloses a separation method of soluble boron in plants. The separation method comprises the following steps: (1) washing, drying, crushing and sieving plant samples; (2) weighing a certain amount of powder sample and putting the powder sample into a needle cylinder with a sieve plate and an end cap; adding water to immerse the sample and ultrasonically vibrating; (3) taking off the end cap of the needle cylinder of an injection syringe and putting the needle cylinder of the injection syringe into a screw-cap centrifugal pipe; centrifuging, separating and collecting filtrates; and (4) repeating the step (2) of adding the water and vibrating, and the step (3), totally separating for 5-10 times, and combining all the filtrates so as to completely separate the soluble boron in the plant samples. The invention establishes the separation method of the soluble boron in the plants; the method can be used for separating the soluble boron in plant sample fluid from non-soluble boron in tissue residues; the method has the characteristics of simplicity and reliability, and wide application prospect, and provides new technical supports for researches in the fields including plant boron nutrition, physiology and biochemistry of the boron, biogeochemical cycles of the boron and the like.

The invention discloses an extraction method for organic phosphorus in lake aquatic plants. The extraction method comprises the steps of sample collection, phosphoric basic composition determination, organic phosphorus (Po) extraction, sample testing pretreatment and liquid nuclear magnetism (31P-NMR) analysis and calculation. According to the method, the optimal Po extraction effect is obtained by adopting NaOH with the concentration of 0.5 mol/L and an EDTA extraction agent with the concentration of 25 mmol/L on the condition that the solid-to-liquid ratio of aquatic plant powder to the extraction agent is 1:60; in the 31P-NMR analysis and test process, the delay time (D1) is set as 5 s, the scanning and analyzing time is set as 15 h, and a good spectrogram can be obtained. The aquatic plant Po extraction method has the advantages that the average extraction rate of total phosphorus (TP) and Po is 91.4% or above and 88.1% or above respectively, the specific variety and content of Po in a sample can be accurately detected, and the composition structure characteristics of Po in the lake aquatic plants can be accurately reflected; a scientific basis is provided for research on the biogeochemical characteristics of Po in the lake aquatic plants and contribution of Po in algal bloom.