210 results about "Anaerobic degradation" patented technology

The present invention relates to thermoplastic materials which are anaerobically degradable in an active sewage sludge. These materials are melt processable into fibers, films or laminates, and are suitable for use in an absorbent article, particularly flushable interlabial products, tampons and pantiliners.

An apparatus for the fixed-film anaerobic digestion of flushed livestock manure includes an enclosed digester tank (fixed or flexible roof), internal media for biofilm development, a biogas collection and flare system, various pumps, and hydraulic control systems. The preferred media has substantially vertically-oriented, uninterrupted channels to promote enhanced bacterial attachment and biofilm development. The immobilization of microbial biomass within the reactor as a biofilm allows effective treatment of the wastewater at ambient and higher temperatures, as well as reasonable hydraulic retention times. The composition and concentration of bacterial groups in the biofilm developed on the media in the fixed-film digester result in a significantly enhanced anaerobic degradation process. This novel fixed-film digester design expands the potential application of anaerobic digestion to dilute livestock waste with significant levels of suspended solids. This holistic manure treatment system not only stabilizes the wastewater but also produces energy (biogas), controls odors, reduces pathogens, minimizes environmental impact from waste emissions, and maximizes fertilizer and water recovery for reuse.

A biocomposite is produced from natural fiber fabrics embedded in a matrix of biosynthetic polyhydroxy-alkanoate (PHA) polymers. The PHA is synthesized using aerobic microbial biosynthesis using mixed bacterial cultures and a feedstock containing anaerobic degradation products such as methane and volatile fatty acids derived from microbial biodegradation of organic waste materials, which may include waste biocomposites. Monomers may be added to the synthesized PHA polymer to control mechanical properties of the resulting biocomposite. The natural fibers and/or PHA may be pretreated using various techniques to improve the bond between the fibers and the PHA resin matrix and water absorption resistance of the fibers. The composite may be a laminate of treated and untreated fabric layers, or differently treated layers, to achieve good in-service performance as well as rapid and/or optimal biogas production when taken out of service and put in an anaerobic environment to degrade.

The invention discloses anaerobic degradation cellulose methane composite bacteria, which is composed of 13 strains that respectively belong to facultative anaerobic and strictly anaerobic fermentative bacteria, hydrogen-production and acetic acid-production bacteria and methane-producing bacteria. The composite bacteria can not only effectively perform anaerobic degradation to the cellulose, but also can use the degradation production of the cellulose to produce methane, which can be widely used in straw biogas fermentation, compost processing, and the like conversion processes.

The invention discloses a process for treating epoxy resin production wastewater. The process comprises: removing oils, suspended particle organic matters, a part of high polymers and toluene in high-salinity wastewater through a cavitation air flotation system, transforming macromolecular organic matters in the wastewater into micromolecular organic matters through an iron-carbon micro-electrolysis reactor, then, oxidizing non-biodegradable and non-chemical oxidable organic matters in the wastewater through a catalytic oxidation reactor under the action of an Fenton reagent, carrying out anaerobic biochemical treatment to reduce the chemical oxygen demand and the biochemical oxygen demand in the wastewater, carrying out aerobic biochemical treatment to anaerobically degrade a part of aerobic organic matters incapable of being degraded by aerobiont into biochemically degradable organic matters, finally, conveying the wastewater into a clean-water reservoir, filtering the wastewater through a multi-medium filter, and discharging the wastewater after meeting the standard. The process disclosed by the invention has the advantages of small energy consumption, high removal load and capability of recycling biogas as an energy source, and the purified water quality meets the emission standard so as to protect the ecological environment.

The invention discloses an advanced treatment process of sludge containing oil, belonging to the field of environment and resource utilization. The invention mainly utilizes the quenching and tempering separation technology, microorganism anaerobic degradation, floating sludge filtering and the centrifugal separation technology to ensure that moisture content is lowered by 5% after the oil is separated from the sludge so as to be recycled; and after being treated, sludge water directly reaches the oil field A3 reinjection standard, and tailing sludge reaches the agricultural standard, so that the environmental problem of the sludge containing the oil is completely solved. The process has simplified flow, reliable operation, simple equipment maintenance, low operation cost, small land occupation, investment saving and high comprehensive benefit of harmless reclamation, does not need to replace filter materials and does not have complex back wash flow and programmable logic controller (PLC) control.

The invention discloses a method for preparing nitrogen-doped sludge carbon-loaded nanometer ferroferric oxide with waste sewage sludge as the raw material through hydrothermal and pyrolysis carbonizing, and application of the nitrogen-doped sludge carbon-loaded nanometer ferroferric oxide to enhancing wastewater anaerobic treatment technological performance. The method includes the following steps of conducting nitrogen source doping on dewatered sewage sludge through hydrothermal carbonizing, introducing nitrogen for secondary nitrogen doping in the high-temperature pyrolysis biochar preparing process to finally prepare nitrogen-doped sludge charcoal, and conducting ferric salt coprecipitation to prepare the nitrogen-doped sludge carbon-loaded nanometer ferroferric oxide. The prepared carbon material has high specific surface area and porosity, the anaerobic sludge granulation is facilitated, the conductivity of anaerobic sludge can be improved, the electron transfer of anaerobic degradation is promoted, the removal efficiency of the degradation-resistant wastewater anaerobic active sludge is enhanced, and the generation of methane is promoted. The carbon material is low in costand efficient and stable in performance, the high-additional-value resourceful utilization of the waste sewage sludge is effectively realized, and the performance of the degradation-resistant wastewater anaerobic treatment process is better improved.

A method of producing in a bioreactor a biogas rich in methane involves electrolyzing water in an aqueous medium at a voltage in a range of from 1.8 V to 12 V in the presence of electrochemically active anaerobic microorganisms that biocatalyze production of hydrogen gas, and, contacting a species of hydrogenotrophic methanogenic microorganisms with the hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide to produce methane. Volumetric power consumption is in a range of from 0.03 Wh/L_R to 0.3 Wh/L_R. Current density is 0.01 A/cm_E² or lower. The voltage is sufficient to electrolyze water without destroying microbial growth. Such a method results in improved electrolysis efficiency while avoiding the use of noble metal catalysts. Further, a combination of water electrolysis with anaerobic degradation of organic matter results in increased biogas quality and in increased biogas quantity and yield. Oxidation of hydrogen sulfide contributes to the increased quality, while an increase in the rate of organic matter hydrolysis and an increase in the production of methane from hydrogen contributes to the increased quantity and yield.

The invention discloses a treatment method of river polluted bed mud, comprising: adding oxidant into a polluted river to ensure that the bed mud on the surface layer is in the oxidation state; and preferably, adding water-solubility calcium salt and ferric salt. The invention ensures that the whole self-cleaning process of the river is in the aerobic state all the time by improving the oxidation reduction property of the polluted bed mud, thus creating conditions for aerobic microorganisms, amplifying bed mud aerobic microorganisms, and leading the aerobic microorganisms to digest organic pollutants; and in addition, the organic pollutants are completely oxidized and degraded into complete oxides such as CO2, H2O, NO2, SO4<-2> and the like, blackening and odor-causing substances, such as H2S, methyl mercaptan, FeS and the like produced during the anaerobic degradation of organic matters can be quickly oxidized, and the black and odor degree of water body can be effectively improved and remitted. Meanwhile, the calcium salt, the ferric salt and phosphorus-deposited nutritive salt are simultaneously added to lower river pollution degree and eutrophy level. The method of the invention has simple operation and strong selective pertinence, can treat in situ, almost does not damage the ecological balance of the original river and has favorable treatment effect.

The invention discloses a separated purification method and the application thereof of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon anaerobic degrading pure strain, which belongs to the polluted soil and aqueous biological degradation handling field. A base bottom layer flat plate is manufactured in the a anaerobic box filled with nitrogen gas by taking polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as a sole carbon source and an energy source and taking sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate as an electronic accepted anaerobic agar solid culture, the top layer flat plate of the anaerobic agar solid culture including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon anaerobic degrading mixed bacteria is manufactured on the bottom layer flat plate, the manufactured culture medium flat plate is put in a drying container filled with the nitrogen gas to culture one to two months after being sealed. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, electronic acceptance, basic culture medium, trace metal liquid, vitamin c solution and colony in the culture medium flat plate connected into the anaerobic bottle of resazurin are added in the anaerobic box filled with the nitrogen gas, and are cultured for 20 to 25 days in an oscillator under the temperature of 20 plus or minus 2 DEG C and the rotating speed of 100 r / min. Then, the cyclical switchover is performed, after a cycle time is larger than four times, the pure strain of the anaerobic degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon can be obtained. The method can obtain good microbe pure strain to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon anaerobic degrading performance by being separated.

The invention discloses a process for intensifying anaerobic degradation and transformation of azo dyes based on breath of a microbial electrode. The process comprises the following steps: putting a microbial electrochemical system in an anaerobic reactor to form a coupling reactor; inoculating anaerobic sludge under the room temperature condition; after adjusting the pH value of the azo dye wastewater, the hydraulic retention time, the inflow COD concentration and the inflow azo dye concentration, filtering the azo dye wastewater and carrying out precipitating; feeding the wastewater to the coupling reactor by the action of a peristaltic pump; while decoloring being obvious after initial degradation by the anaerobic reactor in the coupling reactor, treating the wastewater by the microbial electrochemical system; and finally discharging the azo dye wastewater through a secondary sedimentation tank. The key point of the invention lies in that an efficient anaerobic reactor for intensifying biodegradation of the azo dyes based on breath of the microbial electrode is constructed;the addition of chemical agents is reduced; the consumption of electric energy is reduced; and the electric energy is recovered while the pollutants are degraded, so that the cost for treating the azo dye wastewater is effectively lowered.

Disclosed are compositions of matter comprising at least one anaerobic degrading microorganism, particulate active carbon and a polymeric solid support wherein the anaerobic degrading microorganism and particulate active carbon are entrapped in the polymeric support and processes for preparing the same. The disclosed compositions of matter are used in processes of anaerobic degradation of waste materials resulting in high yields of biogas production.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biodegradation treatment of contaminated soil and water, and discloses an enrichment, acclimation and screening method for an anaerobic degradation community of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and application thereof. A mixture of an electron acceptor, sodium sulfide and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is added in the contaminated soil according to the mass ratio and is sealed and stood for 6 months, and then a mixed liquid of a basal culture medium, a micro metal liquid and a vitamin C solution is added into an anaerobic box full of nitrogen according to the proportion for soil acclimatization; the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, the basal culture medium, the micro metal liquid, the vitamin C solution and an adsorbent are added into an anaerobic bottle in the anaerobic box full of nitrogen, the enriched and acclimatized soil is grafted into the anaerobic bottle according to the mass ratio of water to the soil, and the electron acceptor and the sodium sulfide are added according to the mass ratio. The soil is cultured for 20 to 25 days in a rotary oscillator with a temperature of between 18 and 22 DEG C and then is subjected to circular inoculation for more than 5 times to obtain a microbial community used for anaerobically degrading the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. The method can enrich, acclimatize and screen the microbial community with good anaerobic degradation performance, and the degradation rate range of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is between 0.01 and 1.04mg.L<-1>.d<-1>.

This invention includes methods of stimulating anaerobic degradation of subsurface contaminants. The methods include vaporizing a liquid electron donor to form a treating gas. The treating gas or hydrogen is directed to a subsurface site that includes one or more contaminants, thereby stimulating anaerobic degradation of the subsurface contaminants.

The present invention discloses a method for use in treating palm oil mill effluent (POME). Said method comprising the steps of: treating the palm oil mill effluents with concentrated butyrate; introducing the treated palm oil mill effluents into a reaction tank (11) with loading rate of at least 1.5 g COD/L/d and at least 4 days of hydraulic retention time; and providing microorganism biomass in the reaction tank so that anaerobic degradation of the palm oil mill effluents treated with butyrate can be performed. Preferably, the optimum condition for degradation of the palm oil mill effluents in the reaction tank is at constant temperature 37° C. with pH value of approximately 6.5-7.5.

The invention discloses a method for preparing hydrogen from straws, which comprises the following steps: carrying out aerobic degradation on straws by using a composite microbial inoculum capable of degrading straws; cattle manure pretreatment: screening the cattle manure with a 50-mesh screen to remove granular solids and impurities, boiling for 30-60 minutes, and centrifugating to remove excessive moisture for later use; preparation of straw anaerobic degradation culture medium: preparing a liquid anaerobic degradation culture medium, and adding the straws subjected to aerobic degradation; and adding the pretreated cattle manure into the straw anaerobic degradation culture medium, charging nitrogen into the container to remove oxygen, sealing, and culturing at 60-70 DEG C at the rate of 120 r/min in a dark place. The method optimally combines anaerobic degradation and anaerobic fermentation, has the advantages of short required time for hydrogen production, low cost, no need of adding enzymes in the fermentation process and cheap raw materials, and greatly saves the cost.

The invention discloses a domestication screening method and appliance of benzene series anaerobic degraded flora in polluted soil and water biological degraded disposing technical domain, which comprises the following steps: adding electron acceptor, sodium sulfide and BTEX mixture into polluted soil; sealing and stewing at three months; adding basic culture medium, trace metal liquid and vitamin C solution into anaerobic box filled with nitrogen; domesticating soil; switching domestication soil into anaerobic bottle with mass ratio of water and soil in the anaerobic box; adding into BTEX, electron acceptor and sodium sulfide with mass ratio; culturing 7-9 days in rotating oscillator with the temperature at 20+-2 deg.c; circling at least 9 times; getting the degraded flora. This invention can screen good anaerobic degraded property microbe flora, which can make degraded speed range of BTEX at 1.6-3.5mg.L-1.d-1.

The invention discloses a method for repairing contaminated soil in a coal-to-gas plant by adopting a microbe-plant combined way. The method comprises the following steps: adding an electronic receptor preparation in the contaminated soil so as to promote anaerobic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and analysis of heavy metals; mixing and composting the contaminated soil with pig manure and a conditioning agent for several days; eluting partial heavy metals from the soil by using clear water; planting sedum alfredii hance and festuca arundinacea in the soil in a mixed way so as to extract the heavy metals from the soil and promote microbial degradation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil, wherein in the growth stage of plants, additives are sprayed periodically to enhance the repairing effect. Through the adoption of the method, the environment friendliness is very high, the repairing cost is low, and the ecological environment of the contaminated soil can be effectively restored, so that the method has a broad market prospect.

The invention discloses a method for improving the biological coal bed gas yield through coal bed origin fungi. The method includes the steps that (1) target coal bed gas field data are collected, and a coal bed in-situ fungi community structure is analyzed; (2) origin fungus efficient flora cultivation is carried out; and (3) the coal bed gas production is increased through microorganisms. According to the method, the efficiency capacity of degrading macromolecular compounds through the fungi is used, origin fungus floras are cultivated from a coal bed, the microorganism increase production coal bed gas process of anaerobic degradation coal produced methane is achieved, the target coal bed environment can be better accommodated, coal bed in-site biological methane conversion is quickly achieved, the problems in biodegradation coal produced methane rate and yield are solved, the coal bed gas yield is improved, the coal bed gas well service life is prolonged, the microorganism increase production coal bed gas technical application is pushed, and the coal bed gas industrial development is promoted.

The invention discloses a method and a system for preparing a garbage biological earth covering material for emission reduction of methane in a landfill site. The method comprises the following steps: transferring garbage into a step-type intermittent aeration reactor, performing intermittent aeration on the reactor, and making the generated percolate pass through a water distributor to adjust humidity of the garbage, so as to further degrade organic substances in the garbage under the action of anaerobe and aerobe; at the same time, using the methane generated by anaerobic degradation of the garbage in the reactor to tame methane oxidized microbe in the garbage and improve oxidizing property of the methane; and finally twice sieving the garbage after being treated by the step-type intermittent aeration reactor to remove impurities without or with low methane oxidation activity. The method not only can tame the methane oxidized microbe in the process required by re-degradation of the garbage, and improve oxidizing property of the methane, but also use wastes after biological treatment of the garbage as raw materials, can achieve sustainability and reproducibility of biological treatment facilities for the garbage with low cost, and avoid agriculture competing soil resources.

The invention provides a method and a device for treating early urban landfill leachate, which belongs to the technical field of biological sewage treatment by using a biochemical method. Under the conditions that only a biological method is utilized to treat the leachate and no external carbon source is added, operating cost is greatly reduced, and more than 80% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate and more than 95% of total nitrogen removal rate are achieved. An anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) thoroughly performs anaerobic methanogenic reaction to remove high-concentrationorganic matter in the early urban landfill leachate, and effluent of the ASBR serves as feed water of a pulse sequencing batch reactor (SBR) by adding appropriate proportion of original leachate and provides appropriate ratio of COD to NH4+-N. The pulse SBR adopts three times of the feed water equal in quantity, combines a method for controlling stirring and aeration in real time and fully utilizes at least two-thirds of organic carbon sources in the pulse SBR feed water for denitrification, and total nitrogen is removed efficiently through utilization of internal carbon sources under the condition of no external carbon sources. By means of the technology, contradiction formed by organic matter anaerobic degradation and biological denitrification is solved, running is flexible, and operation is simple.