77 results about "Chromium atom" patented technology

A process for the manufacture of CF₃CH═CHF and/or CF₃CH═CF₂ is disclosed. The process involves involves (a) reacting HF and at least one halopropene of the formula CX₃CCI═CCIX (where each X is independently F or CI) to produce a product including both CF₃CCI═CF₂ and CF₃CHCICF₃; (b) reacting CF₃CCI═CF₂ and/or CF₃CHCICF₃ produced in (a) with hydrogen to produce a product including CF₃CH₂CHF₂ and/or CF₃CH₂CF₃; (c) dehydrofluorinating CF₃CH₂CHF₂ and/or CF₃CH₂CF₃ produced in (b) to produce a product comprising CF₃CH═CHF and/or CF₃CH═CF₂; and (d) recovering CF₃CH═CHF and/or CF₃CH═CF₂ from the product produced in (c). In (a), the CF₃CCI═CF₂ and CF₃CHCICF₃ are produced in the presence of a fluorination catalyst comprising at least one chromium-containing component selected from (i) a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.05 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by divalent copper, and (ii) a chromium-containing composition of (i) which has been treated with a fluorinating agent.

An object of the present invention is to provide a CoCrPt base sputtering target in which high chromium-containing particles containing a chromium atom at a high concentration unevenly distributed in the above sputtering target are reduced in a size and a production amount to thereby enhance a uniformity of the target and inhibit nodules or acing from being caused and which has the targeted composition ratio.

The CoCrPt base sputtering target of the present invention is a sputtering target containing cobalt, chromium, ceramics and platinum, and it is characterized by that high chromium-containing particles containing a chromium atom at a high concentration which are unevenly distributed in the above sputtering target have a maximum full diameter of 40 μm or less.

The invention relates to high-carbon high-chromium martensite stainless steel and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the technical field of materials. The high-carbon high-chromium martensitestainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.40-0.55% of C, 14.0-16.0% of Cr, 0.5-1.0% of Mo, 0.1-0.2% of V, less than or equal to 1.0% of Mn, less than or equal to 1.0% of Si, less than or equal to 0.30% of Ni, less than 0.05% of P, less than 0.005% of S, less than 0.004% of O, less than or equal to 0.1% of N and the balance ferrum. The preparation method of the high-carbon high-chromium martensite stainless steel comprises the following steps of proportioning, smelting, molding by casting, forging and hot working, and cold working and hot treating.By controlling the ratio of carbon and chromium atoms in a material within a certain range, the proportion of martensite and austenite is regulated after the hot treating process, the best match of strength and toughness of the material is obtained, and the high-carbon high-chromium martensite stainless steel shows a good corrosion-resisting property.

The invention relates to a casting high-chromium alloy modeling method based on molecular dynamics and belongs to the field of alloy material structural design. According to the modeling method, modeling of a composition structure of casting high-chromium alloy is conducted through molecular dynamic modeling software, firstly, characteristic parameters of the casting high-chromium alloy, an atomic model of a construction body-centered cubic crystal structure and an atomic model of a construction face-centered cubic crystal structure are obtained; then, by means of a substitution program, existing atoms in the models are substituted with the chromium atoms; the content of the substitution element is judged, and if the content requirement is not met, substitution continues till the chromium element meets the requirement in the alloy; finally, by means of the Voronoi algorithm, the constructed models are optimized till the content requirement of all elements in the alloy is met. The modeling method can accurately reflect microstructure components and the structure of the alloy, and has practical significance to property and machining method research of alloy.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a shape-controllable ordered layer porous chromium carbide skeleton carbon material for a supercapacitor. In a preparation process, a chromium carbide precursor with a special shape is synthesized through template control, a chromium atom is removed by using an etching agent in situ to obtain a micropore, then orderly arranged meso pores with regular pore passages are obtained by removing a mesopore template to form porous carbon hierarchically combined by meso pore and micropores, wherein the shape of the chromium carbide framework carbon can be controlled through a template process, the relative content of the micropores and the meso pores can be adjusted through controlling a synthesis reaction condition and a raw material ratio, and thus the ordered layer porous chromium carbide skeleton carbon the pore structure and the pore diameter distribution of which are accurate and adjustable in atom-scale level and controllable in shape is obtained. According to the preparation method, a shape-controlled porous electrode material for a novel supercapacitor, which is high in specific capacitance, small in ion diffusion and transfer impedance, better in rate capability, excellent in cycle performance and controllable in shape can be obtained.

The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic refrigeration materials, and provides a high corrosion resistance rare earth-iron chromium silicon carbon magnetocaloric material, which comprises part of chromium atoms substituting for iron atoms as well as carbon atoms as interstitial atoms. After the high corrosion resistance rare earth-iron chromium silicon carbon magnetocaloric material is soaked in tap water of 25 DEG C for 12 hours, the corrosion rate is less than 0.2g/m<2>.h. The high corrosion resistance rare earth-iron chromium silicon carbon magnetocaloric material has two chemical molecular formulas, one is La1-xRx(Fe1-y-mCryMm)13-zSizCa, and the other is LaFeSi. The corrosion rate of the high corrosion resistance rare earth-iron chromium silicon carbon magnetocaloric material is less than half that of ordinary rare earth-iron silicon magnetocaloric material; and the high corrosion resistance rare earth-iron chromium silicon carbon magnetocaloric cast ingot has high magnetic entropy change value after short-time annealing, thus being used in magnetic refrigeration technology as a practical material.

A process is disclosed for the manufacture of CF₃CH₂CHF₂ and CF₃CHFCH₂F. The process involves (a) reacting hydrogen fluoride, chlorine, and at least one halopropene of the formula CX₃CCI═CCIX (where each X is independently F or CI) to produce a product including both CF₃CCI₂CCIF₂ and CF₃CCIFCCI₂F; (b) reacting CF₃CCI₂CCIF₂ and CF₃CCIFCCI₂F produced in (a) with hydrogen to produce a product including both CF₃CH₂CHF₂, and CF₃CHFCH₂F; and (c) recovering CF₃CH₂CHF₂ and CF₃CHFCH₂F from the product produced in (b). In (a), the CF₃CCI₂CF₃ and CF₃CCIFCCIF₂ are produced in the presence of a chlorofluorination catalyst including (i) a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.05 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by divalent copper, and/or (ii) a chromium-containing composition of (i) which has been treated with a fluorinating agent.

This invention provides a process for producing 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, comprising: reacting anhydrous hydrogen fluoride with at least one chlorine-containing compound selected from the group consisting of chloropropanes and chloropropenes represented by specific formulas in a gas phase in the presence of a chromium atom-containing fluorination catalyst while heating, the reaction being carried out in the presence of molecular chlorine or with a water content in the reaction system of 300 ppm or less. This invention enables suppression of catalyst deterioration and efficient production of 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene in a simple and economically advantageous manner on an industrial scale.

The invention relates to a high-nickel eutectic high-entropy alloy powder for additive manufacturing and a preparation method of the high-nickel eutectic high-entropy alloy powder. The high-nickel eutectic high-entropy alloy powder mainly comprises aluminum, iron, chromium, cobalt, nickel, silicon and boron elements, wherein the mole ratio of aluminum atoms is 0.5-1.5, the mole ratio of iron atomsis 1.0-1.5, the mole ratio of chromium atoms is 0.8-1.5, the mole ratio of cobalt atoms is 0.5-1.0, the mole ratio of nickel atoms is 1.0-2.5, the mole ratio of silicon atoms is 0-0.05, and the moleratio of boron atoms is 0-0.05. The preparation method of the powder includes the following steps that 1, a high-entropy master alloy is prepared by using a vacuum induction smelting furnace; and 2, the high-entropy alloy powder is prepared by using a crucible-free induction melting atomization furnace. The high-entropy alloy powder prepared by the preparation method is spherical or nearly spherical to form a eutectic structure, so that burning loss of low-melting-point elements and component segregation of the multi-element alloy are reduced, and rapid and precise manufacture and remanufacturing repair of high-temperature-resistant special parts can be effectively achieved. The high-nickel eutectic high-entropy alloy powder avoids the problems of low strength or poor plasticity of a traditional single-phase high-entropy alloy material.

The present invention provides a modified charge control agent composition exhibiting a high charge-imparting effect, and an electrostatic image developing toner containing such a charge control agent composition and having a high electrostatic charge amount and an environmental stability.

A composition comprising a metal compound (A) of aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid having an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid bonded with a metal atom selected from a zirconium atom, a calcium atom, an aluminum atom, a chromium atom, a boron atom and a zinc atom via at least any of ionic bond, covalent bond and coordinate bond; and at least one inorganic pigment (B), wherein the pigment (B) is contained in an amount of from 1 to 20 parts by mass in 100 parts by mass of the composition.

The invention relates to a high-temperature resistant seamless austenitic stainless steel pipe and a preparation method thereof. The pipe comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: not more than 0.12% of C, not more than 1.5% of Mn, not more than 0.2% of Cu, 1.70 to 2.10% of Si, not more than 0.035% of P, not more than 0.005% of S, 23 to 26% of Cr, 18 to 22% of Ni, and the balance being Fe. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (a) hot rolling and punching; (b) first acid washing and inspection; (c) lubricating; (d) cold drawing and cold rolling; (e) second acid washing; (f) heat treatment; (g) third acid washing and inspection. The contents of chromium and nickel of the provided pipe are high, and the sizes of the chromium atom and nickel atom are different from that of iron atom, so the lattice is deformed by the chromium and nickel, at the same time the tissue is enhanced, and thus the steel pipe has a high recrystallization temperature. Furthermore, the silicon is added to properly enhance the mechanical performance and antioxidant property of steel.

A process for the preparation of 2-chloro-1,1,1,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is disclosed which involves (a) contacting a mixture comprising hydrogen fluoride, chlorine, and at least one starting material selected from the group consisting of halopropenes of the formula CX₃CCl═CX₂ and halopropanes of the formula the CX₃CClYCX₃, wherein each X is independently F or Cl, and Y is H, Cl or F (provided that the number of X and Y which are F totals no more than six) with a chlorofluorination catalyst in a reaction zone to produce a product mixture comprising CF₃CClFCF₃, HCl, HF, and underfluorinated halogenated hydrocarbon intermediates. The process is characterized by said chlorofluorination catalyst comprising at least one chromium-containing component selected from (i) a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.05 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by nickel, trivalent cobalt or both nickel and trivalent cobalt, provided that no more than 2 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by nickel and that the total amount of chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice that are replaced by nickel and trivalent cobalt is no more than 6 atom %, and (ii) a fluorinated crystalline oxide of (i). Also disclosed is a process for the manufacture of a mixture of HFC-227ea and hexafluoropropene by reacting a starting mixture comprising CFC-217ba and hydrogen in the vapor phase at an elevated temperature, optionally in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. This process involves preparing the CFC-217ba by the process described above.

Disclosed is a process for producing an aromatic polycarbonate resin, which can prevent the deterioration of a product during the retention of the product in a filter, and which produces contaminants or phenol compounds in reduced amounts. In the production of a purified aromatic polycarbonate resin by treating a molten aromatic polycarbonate resin by using a polymer filter, the polymer filter to be used is a filter in which the ratio of the chromium atom concentration to the iron atom concentration (Cr/Fr ratio) on its outermost surface is 1.5 or more as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In one preferred embodiment, the polymer filter to be used is a filter having a carbon film as the outermost surface thereof and an oxide coating film, wherein the carbon film has a thickness of 10 nm or less and the oxide film has a depth-wise thickness of 100 nm or more both as measured by Auger electron spectroscopy.

The invention provides a reinforcing method for high-strength tire bead steel wire material. According to the reinforcing method, on the condition of not changing the tensile strength and the carbon equivalent (Ceq) of the material, the content of carbon atoms is lowered to 0.74-0.78 wt% from 0.80-0.84 wt%, and the content of chromium atoms is increased to 0.20-0.30 wt% from 0.008 wt%. Thus, by lowering the content of carbon in raw material and adding chromium capable of refining pearlite lamellas, on the condition of the same carbon equivalent, the work hardening rate is increased, cementite dissolution in the cold-drawing process is restrained, and the twisting and layering problem of tire bead steel wires with the dependent variable epsilon being greater than or equal to 2.3 but smaller than or equal to 3.0 is solved; the mechanical property and the torsion property of the tire bead steel wires made of the material are improved, the cold-drawing limit is improved, the intermediate heat treatment process can be eliminated for partial thin-size and high-strength tire bead steel wires, and the production cost of the steel wires is greatly lowered.

A manufacturing method for a chromium-molybdenum target comprises the steps that chromium powder and molybdenum powder are provided; the chromium powder and the molybdenum powder are mixed, and mixed powder is formed; the mixed powder is manufactured into a chromium-molybdenum target blank through the vacuum hot-pressing technology in which the heat preservation temperature ranges from 1,300 DEG C to 1,400 DEG C; and the chromium-molybdenum target blank is manufactured into the chromium-molybdenum target. According to the manufacturing method, the chromium powder and the molybdenum powder which are mixed are manufactured into the chromium-molybdenum target through the vacuum hot-pressing technology, diffusion of chromium atoms and molybdenum atoms is facilitated at the heat preservation temperature ranging from 1,300 DEG C to 1,400 DEG C, and therefore the void ratio in the manufactured chromium-molybdenum target can be effectively reduced, and the density and strength of the target are improved. Thus, the high-density chromium-molybdenum target with the density larger than or equal to 99% can be obtained through the manufacturing method, a microstructure of the obtained chromium-molybdenum target is uniform, and the requirements of magnetron sputtering for the purity and density of the target can be met.

A method for producing an ethylene polymer which comprises continuously polymerizing ethylene alone or copolymerizing ethylene and a C₃-C₈ α-olefin by multistage polymerization in a plurality of polymerization reactors connected in series in the presence of a chromium catalyst having at least a part of chromium atoms converted to hexavalent chromium carried on an inorganic oxide carrier by calcination-activating in a non-reducing atmosphere, wherein an organoaluminum compound of the formula (1):

(R¹)xAl(OR²)y(OSiR³R⁴R⁵)z  (1)

(in the above formula, R¹ and R² may be the same or different, each represents a C₁-C₁₈ alkyl group or a C₆-C₁₈ aryl group, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ may be the same or different, each represents a C₁-C₁₈ alkyl group or a C₆-C₁₈ aryl group, R¹, OR² and OSiR³R⁴R⁵ respectively may be the same or different when each has a plurality of kinds, and x, y and z are respectively 0≦x≦3, 0≦y<3, 0≦z<3, and x+y+z=3) is introduced at least one or all of the polymerization reactors.

The present invention provides a method for producing a fluorine-containing olefin, the method comprising reacting a chlorine-containing compound represented by a specific formula with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a chromium atom-containing fluorination catalyst, the reaction being carried out at a temperature within the range of 200 to 350° C. in the presence of 0.0001 to 0.03 mol of molecular chlorine per mol of the chlorine-containing compound. The present invention is capable of achieving the effect of suppressing catalyst deterioration, maintaining the starting material conversion and the target product selectivity within excellent ranges, and reducing adverse effects caused by the use of a large amount of non-condensable gas.