81 results about "Constant component" patented technology

A method of spectral-morphometric analysis of biological samples, the biological samples including substantially constant components and suspected variable components, the method is effected by following the steps of (a) using a spectral data collection device for collecting spectral data of picture elements of the biological samples; (b) defining a spectral vector associated with picture elements representing a constant component of at least one of the biological samples; (c) using the spectral vector for defining a correcting function being selected such that when operated on spectral vectors associated with picture elements representing other constant components, spectral vectors of the other constant components are modified to substantially resemble the spectral vector; (d) operating the correcting function on spectral vectors associated with at least the variable components for obtaining corrected spectral vectors thereof; and (e) classifying the corrected spectral vectors into classification groups.

Non-linearities of signal-generation circuits that typically include a series arrangement of a modulator and a power amplifier are reduced by connecting a measurement circuit to an output of the signal-generation circuit and at another point along a signal path of the signal-generation circuit. A predistorted input signal is applied to an input of the signal-generation circuit. The pre-distorted signal includes a constant component and a time-varying component, such that the predistorted input signal excites non-linear modes of the signal-generation circuit. The measurement circuit is balanced so that a portion of the predistorted input signal that passes through the measurement circuit does not include a time-varying component and therefore does not excite non-linearities of the measurement circuit. Adjustments are made to the predistorted input signal in order to reduce non-linearities of the signal-generation circuit.

A device for handling a fluid includes a corona discharge device and an electric power supply. The corona discharge device includes at least one corona discharge electrode and at least one collector electrode positioned proximate each other so as to provide a total inter-electrode capacitance within a predetermined range. The electric power supply is connected to supply an electric power signal to said corona discharge and collector electrodes so as to cause a corona current to flow between the corona discharge and collector electrodes. An amplitude of an alternating component of the voltage of the electric power signal generated is no greater than one-tenth that of an amplitude of a constant component of the voltage of the electric power signal. The alternating component of the voltage is of such amplitude and frequency that a ratio of an amplitude of the alternating component of the highest harmonic of the voltage divided by an amplitude of the constant component of said voltage being considerably less than that of a ratio of an amplitude of the highest harmonic of the alternating component of the corona current divided by an amplitude of the constant component of the corona current, i.e., (Vac / Vdc)≦(Iac / Idc).

An apparatus is described for extracorporeal blood treatment (1), comprising a treatment unit (2), an extracorporeal blood circuit (8) and a fluid evacuation line (10). The apparatus comprises a control unit (21) connected with a pressure sensor (13, 14) and with a blood pump (9) and configured to move the blood pump (9), generating a variable flow (Q(t)) with a constant component (Qb) and a variable component (Qvar(t)) having a nil average value; the variable flow generates, in the expansion chamber (11, 12), a progression of the pressure that is variable over time (P(t)) with a pressure component (Pvar(t)) oscillating about an average value (Pavg). The control unit receives, from the sensor, a plurality of values (Pj) and calculates the average value of the pressure (Pavg), acquires an estimated value of volume variation (AP) in the expansion chamber (11, 12) connected to the variable flow component (Qvar(t)), calculates, as a function of the pressure values (Pj), an estimated value of pressure variation (AP) in the expansion chamber (11; 12) that is representative of the oscillating pressure component (Pvar(t)) and determines a representative magnitude of a blood level (L) in the expansion chamber (11, 12) as a function of the average value (Pavg) of the pressure (P(t)), of the estimated value of volume variation (AV) and of the estimated pressure variation (AP) in the expansion chamber.

A limited value range is defined for obtaining approximated integer cosine transform coefficients. The transform coefficients of the base vectors for the submatrices are selected by taking into account the orthogonality condition so that the sum of their squares yields the square of the constant component coefficient. The coefficients of the variable components are derived from these coefficients. These measures yield the advantage that in quantization and normalization, a uniform normalization and quantization factor may be used for all coefficients.

The invention provides a co-excitation coarse-refined coupling magnetic resistance type rotary transformer, belonging to the technical field of rotary transformers. According to the rotary transformer, a set of excitation winding shares the same one magnetic circuit to generate a group of coarse sine and cosine position signals and one group of refine sine and cosine position signals. A stator coarse machine is of a multi-pole winding, and a refined machine is of an antipode winding. Not only can an antipode absolute position signal be provided, and also a multi-pole position signal with high precision can be provided. The rotary transformer adopts an axial magnetic circuit-magnetic resistance type rotary structure. The volume and the diameter can be adjusted freely according to needs. According to the co-excitation coarse-refined coupling magnetic resistance type rotary transformer, the structure is compact and simple, not only is the extremely strong shock resistance provided, also the potential constant component is reduced, and further, the error caused by the mounting eccentricity is eliminated to the maximum limit. The rotary transformer can be applied to various fields of electric automobiles, aviation and aerospace and the like.

The invention discloses a nitride high electronic mobility transistor extension structure of a component gradually-changed ALyGal-yN buffer layer. A conduction band step can still be formed by using the component gradually-changed ALyGal-yN buffer layer and a GaN channel layer, 2 diethylene glycol (DEG) area limiting can be strengthened, and microwave performance and power characteristics of a device can be improved. The ALyGal-yN buffer layer adopts a structure gradually changing from 0 to y, heat conductivity of the buffer layer can be improved, and self-heating effects of a high electronic mobility transistor (HEMT) device can be effetcivley reduced. Compared with a common constant component ALyGal-yN buffer layer, the component gradually-changed ALyGal-yN buffer layer can effectively reduce defect concentration such as dislocation in the buffer layer and contributes to further promoting of performance and reliability of the device.

A method for operating a resonance measuring system, in particular a Coriolis mass flowmeter, an oscillation element is excited to oscillation and the oscillations of the oscillation element are detected by an oscillation sensor and are formed as at least one response signal of a respective eigenform. Orthogonal projection components of the response signal are created, at least a first value corresponding to an eigenfrequency of the resonance measuring system is determined with at least a part of the alternating components of the projection components, at least a second value corresponding to the eigenfrequency of the resonance measuring system is determined with at least a part of the constant components of the projection components and the first and the second value correspondents are used for exciting the resonance measuring system with at least one control in at least one control loop in the eigenform corresponding to the eigenfrequency.

A resonant MEMS device that detects photons, particles and small forces including atomic forces is disclosed. The device comprises a planar substrate 1, two electrodes 2 and 3 on top of the substrate, a resonant micro-electromechanical (MEMS) structure 6, such as a cantilever, anchored to first electrode 2 and arranged above the second electrode 3 separated from this electrode with an ultrathin transition layer 5. The resonant MEMS structure is working at its natural resonant frequency. The resonant oscillation of the cantilever can be initiated by applying AC voltage with frequency equaling the resonant frequency of the MEMS structure. A constant voltage is applied between the cantilever and the second electrode. The cantilever oscillates at very small amplitude ranging from few Ångstrom (Å) to several nm. During operation, a constant component of the electrical current is measured between the cantilever and the second electrode 3. The electrical current is a tunnelling current described by quantum mechanical probability with which the electrons can tunnel through the transition layer. The thickness of the transition layer is selected so that at no resonance the constant component of the electrical current is about zero and at resonance the DC electrical current has non-zero value and reaches its maximum. When the cantilever interacts with photons, particles or atoms on surfaces then the MEMS device measures their energies using change in the DC tunnelling current and shift of resonant frequency.

The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for demodulation and decoding of backscattered RFID tag signals, represented by their in-phase and quadrature components at the output of the demodulator in the receiver portion of a reader interrogator. Correlation coefficients for the in-phase and quadrature components of the received signal are calculated over a shifted bit interval. Performing a correlation over a shifted bit interval relative to the real bit interval allows the base-band receiver to involve a two-bit interval in making a decision about each transmitted bit. In contrast, in a conventional decoding algorithm, a single bit interval is involved in the decision-making process. Thus, the current method provides a 3 dB energy gain compared to the conventional method. A single zero-mean reference signal is used to compute correlation coefficients, eliminating constant components of the received signal, and simplifying digital implementation of the base-band receiver. A value of the output data is determined based on the combined correlation coefficients.

A reference current (Iref) that includes a constant component current (Irefc) and a transient component current (Ireft) is fed to the reference FET (QB) such that a source potential (VSA) of the main FET (QA) when a load current (ID) flowing a main FET (QA) is not within the range of an over-current containing a transient component is not lower than a source potential (VSB) of a reference FET (QB). A reference current (Iref) vibrates by detecting that a source potential (VSA) of the main FET is lower than a source potential (VSB) of a reference FET. A vibration number of times is counted up to a predetermined number of times, thereby turning OFF the main FET (QA).

A reference current (Iref) that includes a constant component current (Irefc) and a transient component current (Ireft) is fed to the reference FET (QB) such that a source potential (VSA) of the main FET (QA) when a load current (ID) flowing a main FET (QA) is not within the range of an over-current containing a transient component is not lower than a source potential (VSB) of a reference FET (QB). A reference current (Iref) vibrates by detecting that a source potential (VSA) of the main FET is lower than a source potential (VSB) of a reference FET. A vibration number of times is counted up to a predetermined number of times, thereby turning OFF the main FET (QA).

This invention discloses a heat impulse time lag flow measurement method, which puts sensor in the parallel pipe to the flow direction to get heating temperature measurement, or its denote output signal curve; then it measures the temperature change on downstream of temperature measurement element along flow direction to get output signal curve of temperature element; it compares two curves to measure the time lag value to get flow speed. This invention especially applied in the measurement of middle and low speed range of gas with constant components.

Abstract of Disclosure The present invention provides a polarized wave scrambler and an optical signal transmission apparatus in which polarization mode dispersion, which causes degradation of a transmitted waveform, is suppressed, and which can be easily manufactured and are low-cost and stable. A polarized wave scrambler has a first polarization maintaining optical fiber and a second polarization maintaining optical fiber, wherein a constant component of a phase difference characteristic for optical frequency between a high-speed axis and a low-speed axis of the first polarization maintaining optical fiber is equal to that of the second polarization maintaining optical fiber, and a slope for optical frequency of the phase difference characteristic of the first polarization maintaining optical fiber is different from that of the second polarization maintaining optical fiber, wherein a plane of polarization of the linearly polarized optical signal is set to an angle between the high-speed axis and the low-speed axis of the first polarization maintaining optical fiber and the linearly polarized optical signal is supplied to the first polarization maintaining optical fiber, and wherein the first polarization maintaining optical fiber and the second polarization maintaining optical fiber are spliced such that the high-speed axis of the first polarization maintaining optical fiber corresponds to the low-speed axis of the second polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the low-speed axis of the first polarization maintaining optical fiber corresponds to the high-speed axis of the second polarization maintaining optical fiber.

A circuit for emulating a current via a power inductor of a DC-to-DC converter includesmeans for generating a first signal and operable for detecting or emulating the constant component of the current via the power inductor and having first elements for generating the first signal,means for generating a second signal or components of the second signal and operable for emulating the alternating component of the current via the power inductor, andmeans for splicing the first signal and the second signal, or the first signal and the components of the second signal, into a signal which at least partially emulates the current via the power inductor, withthe first elements of the first means including a current sensing resistor connected on the one hand to the power inductor and a first capacitor, and on the other hand to the first input and output.

The invention provides a double-channel axial magnetic circuit reluctance type rotary transformer. The transformer is characterized in that a fine machine stator exciting winding and a fine machine stator signal winding are wound on a fine machine stator iron core; a coarse machine stator exciting winding and a coarse machine stator signal winding are wound on a coarse machine stator iron core; both the plane where the fine machine stator exciting winding and the fine machine stator signal winding are positioned and the plane where the coarse machine stator exciting winding and the coarse machine stator signal winding are positioned are in an orthogonal state; the exciting magnetic circuit adopts an axial magnetic circuit structure; and uniform air gaps are arranged between the external surface of the rotor and the internal surface of the stator. With the adoption of the rotary double-channel axial reluctance type design, high precision position signals and absolute position signals can be provided; the orthogonal arrangement of the exciting winding and signal winding can be used for controlling the constant component of the rest potential as much as possible; the multi-peak magnetic guiding tape of the rotor adopting an optimal function can be used for ensuring sinusoidal change of the air gap magnetic flux, thereby ensuring the sine function and cosine function requirements that the induction electric potential amplitude value of the two-phase orthogonal signal winding is changed with the change of the position.

A device for handling a fluid includes a corona discharge device and an electric power supply. The corona discharge device includes at least one corona discharge electrode and at least one collector electrode positioned proximate each other so as to provide a total inter-electrode capacitance within a predetermined range. The electric power supply is connected to supply an electric power signal to said corona discharge and collector electrodes so as to cause a corona current to flow between the corona discharge and collector electrodes. An amplitude of an alternating component of the voltage of the electric power signal generated is no greater than one-tenth that of an amplitude of a constant component of the voltage of the electric power signal. The alternating component of the voltage is of such amplitude and frequency that a ratio of an amplitude of the alternating component of the highest harmonic of the voltage divided by an amplitude of the constant component of said voltage being considerably less than that of a ratio of an amplitude of the highest harmonic of the alternating component of the corona current divided by an amplitude of the constant component of the corona current, i.e., (Vac / Vdc)≦(Iac / Idc).

The invention provides an outer rotor axial magnetic circuit reluctance type rotary transformer with multiple pairs of poles for a space manipulator. An equivalent air gap is arranged between a stator and a rotor; and a wavy magnetic conduction material is arranged at the middle part of the rotor, P wave crests and P wave troughs are distributed on the magnetic conduction material along the circumferential direction of the rotor, non-magnetic conduction materials are arranged at the two end parts of the rotor, 4NP tooth grooves are axially formed on the outer surface of the stator, a through groove is formed in the circumferential direction, 4NP pairs of upper teeth and lower teeth are further formed on the outer surface of the stator, every adjacent N upper teeth and the corresponding N lower teeth sequentially form one group of winding teeth, and the outer rotor axial magnetic circuit reluctance type rotary transformer has 4P groups of the winding teeth in total. According to the outer rotor axial magnetic circuit reluctance type rotary transformer provided by the invention, the wavy magnetic conduction material and the vertical winding way of an excitation winding and signal windings are adopted, thus induced electromotive force of the two phases of the signal windings can change according sine and cosine laws, and a constant component in an electromotive force waveform is weakened; and the axial magnetic circuit structure is adopted, thus the volume is reduced, and the load performance of the rotary transformer is also improved.

The invention achieves stable performance, such as low parasitic capacitance generated at conductive components. Components having a low dielectric constant of 4 or less are disposed on a base member. Functional films partitioned by the low-dielectric-constant components are also provided.

The invention achieves stable performance, such as low parasitic capacitance generated at conductive components. Components having a low dielectric constant of 4 or less are disposed on a base member. Functional films partitioned by the low-dielectric-constant components are also provided.

The invention provides a double-channel axial magnetic circuit outer rotor reluctance type rotary transformer, belonging to the technical field of rotary transformers. A rotor of the double-channel axial magnetic circuit outer rotor reluctance type rotary transformer provided by the invention has two layers of magnetic conduction materials, the two layers of the magnetic conduction materials are distributed according to the sine law, and the cycles of formed sine waves are different. A stator corresponding to the rotor is also divided into two layers, namely a roughing machine stator and a finishing machine stator. An excitation winding and two phases of signal windings are arranged on the stator in an orthogonal manner, and the winding is not arranged on the rotor. When the excitation winding is conducted by alternating current with constant voltage and frequency, the two phases of the signal windings can respectively output voltage with electromotive force amplitudes which can perform sine and cosine changes along with the rotation angle of the rotor. The outer rotor axial magnetic circuit double-channel reluctance type rotary transformer has a simple and compact structure, and can not only reduce an electromotive force constant component, but also eliminate the error caused by installation eccentricity and the like to the greatest extent so as to further improve the measurement precision. The double-channel axial magnetic circuit outer rotor reluctance type rotary transformer provided by the invention is especially suitable for speed and position sensors of servo systems.

In a method and / or an OFDM device for SC-FDMA data transmission, a sequence of input data is transformed by means of a discrete transformation as transformed data signals of coded and modulated data signals on first frequency channels into a first frequency space over a first number of frequencies. The transformed data signals are mapped on second frequency channels in a second frequency space with a larger second number of frequencies. The transformed data signals on the second frequency channels are inverse-transformed using an inverse transformation. Data inversely transformed in such a way are provided for transmission. The transformed data signals are mapped into a frequency range of the second frequency channels in such a way that a constant component of the transformed data signals is mapped centrally within the frequency range.

A DC power transmission system is configured to generate an electric field including components substantially constant with respect to time and varying with time. The DC power transmission system includes an AC stage configured to receive AC electrical power. The AC stage includes a transformer including primary windings and secondary windings configured to be electromagnetically coupled to, and electrically isolated from, each other. The AC stage also includes an AC / AC converter having substantially no insulating features against the at least one substantially constant component of the electric field. The AC / AC converter is electrically coupled to the primary windings. The DC power transmission system also includes an AC / DC conversion stage positioned downstream of the AC stage. The AC / DC conversion stage includes an AC / DC rectifier configured to convert AC electrical power to DC electrical power without external control. The AC / DC rectifier is coupled to the secondary windings.

The invention relates to a household appliance (6) having a rotating component (17) and a drive motor (20) for driving the component (17), said motor comprising a stator (21) having a first magnet arrangement (25) and a rotor (19) coupled to the component (17) and having a second magnet arrangement (24), and having a control device (34) for actuating the drive motor (20), wherein the rotor (19) can be rotated relative to the stator (21) about a rotary axis (S) by the interaction of the magnetic fields generated by the magnet arrangements (24, 25). According to the invention, the magnet arrangements (24, 25) are spaced apart from each other along the rotary axis (S), so that an axial gap (22) is formed between the magnet arrangements (24, 25). The control device (34) is further designed for achieving a coaxial arrangement of the rotor (19) with respect to the stator (21), such that when a distribution of the magnetic field generated by the first and / or the second magnet arrangement (24, 25) is controlled, a constant component of said magnetic field greater than zero is generated. The invention further relates to a method for operating a household appliance (6).

A method of fabricating a plastic molded article is disclosed. In the method, a compound liquid, including two component liquids insoluble in each other and having different dielectric constants, is supplied between two electrodes, and an electric field is applied between the electrodes. At least one of the component liquids is an un-cured curable resin liquid. Upon application of the electric field, the higher dielectric constant component liquid is extended along the direction of the electric field, thus forming a bridge structure linking the electrodes. When the curable resin is cured after the bridge structure is formed, a plastic molded article is obtained.

The invention discloses a method to divide the surge and the short circuit. It is based on the characteristic of the oscillating current envelope line in the electric power system. It finds the relation between the constant component Io and the alternate component Im in the condition of mishandling in the distance protection part because of the oscillating. When the Im >= k2Io, it is the oscillation; In the process of oscillation error, it finds the relation between the Io and the instantaneous component i, when the I >= k1Io, the angle between the power supply potential of the circuit sides is bigger than 75degreewhich is the second criterion. When it feeds the above two criterions, the surge and the short circuit will be divided. The invention can react with the mishandling in the distance protection part because of the oscillating and the short circuit; it is free from the influence that the electric power system circulates condition variety; and it doesn't limit to the system oscillating period, so it can reach the reliable lock by sensing the distance protection which is sensitive to the oscillation.

The invention belongs to the technical field of semiconductor materials, and relates to a relaxation SiGe virtual substrate with high Ge content and a preparation method thereof. The SiGe virtual substrate comprises a Si substrate, a Ge crystal seed layer, a Ge buffer layer, a SiGe buffer layer with variable components and a SiGe layer with constant components, wherein the Ge crystal seed layer, the Ge buffer layer, the SiGe buffer layer and the SiGe layer epitaxially grow on the Si substrate from inside to outside in sequence; and the Ge crystal seed layer and the Ge buffer layer form a Ge relaxation buffer layer. The SiGe virtual substrate has the characteristics of high Ge contents, complete relaxation, low dislocation density, thin thickness, smooth surface and the like. The preparation method of the SiGe virtual substrate is characterized in that the epitaxial layers grow on the Si substrate by adopting a decompression chemical vapor deposition method. The relaxation SiGe virtualsubstrate with high Ge content provided by the invention can be widely applied to Ge channel strain engineering and the preparation of high-mobility channel materials in a CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) technology, and the performances of a CMOS device are improved further.

A device for handling a fluid includes a corona discharge device and an electric power supply. The corona discharge device includes at least one corona discharge electrode and at least one collector electrode positioned proximate each other so as to provide a total inter-electrode capacitance within a predetermined range. The electric power supply is connected to supply an electric power signal to said corona discharge and collector electrodes so as to cause a corona current to flow between the corona discharge and collector electrodes. An amplitude of an alternating component of the voltage of the electric power signal generated is no greater than one-tenth that of an amplitude of a constant component of the voltage of the electric power signal. The alternating component of the voltage is of such amplitude and frequency that a ratio of an amplitude of the alternating component of the highest harmonic of the voltage divided by an amplitude of the constant component of said voltage being considerably less than that of a ratio of an amplitude of the highest harmonic of the alternating component of the corona current divided by an amplitude of the constant component of the corona current, i.e., (Vac / Vdc)≦(Iac / Idc).

The invention discloses a constant-component crystal growth control system and method for a lifting single-crystal furnace. The constant-component crystal growth control system and method for the lifting single-crystal furnace cooperatively control a crystal growth speed and a raw material supplement speed, the weight of the grown crystal is consistent with that of the supplemented raw material, and the crystal crystallization liquid surface height is always constant; analysis and theoretical calculation prove that components of the supplemented raw material are consistent with components of the grown crystal, and accordingly liquid components in a crucible are not changed. The constant-component crystal growth control system and method for the lifting single-crystal furnace effectively solve the problem of uneven crystal distribution along the axial direction due to crystal segregation phenomenon and greatly reduce the influence of the downward crystallization interface move due to continuous crystal growth on the crystal growth interface shape.