218 results about "Crop quality" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural environment control, in particular to an automatic environment regulation and control system for planting traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which comprises an environment quality evaluation module, an environment regulation and control demand analysis module, a planting mode optimization module and an intelligent regulation and control module. According to the method, environmental changes can be comprehensively understood by comprehensively evaluating the environmental quality, monitoring and analyzing the volatility of environmental data and judging the actual influence on the root growth of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, a more stable and suitable growth condition is provided for the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and fine adjustment of the environmental data is realized by simulating multi-environment combination, so that the accuracy of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is improved. The method not only optimizes the rhizosphere environment, but also effectively promotes the absorption of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials to the target nutrient elements, enhances the growth efficiency and quality of the crops, dynamically regulates and controls the environmental parameters, further improves the nutrient absorption capacity of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, ensures the health of the root system and the overall development of the crops, and improves the economic benefits of the crops. And synchronous improvement of production efficiency and crop quality is ensured.

The invention provides a nitrification inhibitor and a preparation method thereof as well as stable urea and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of fertilizers. The nitrification inhibitor provided by the invention is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 20 to 45 percent of 3, 4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP), 30 to 70 percent of amino acid and the balance of auxiliaries, the auxiliary agent is one or more of polysaccharide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poloxamer and carbomer. According to the invention, the DMPP and the amino acid are compounded, the amino acid is used as a stabilizer of the DMPP, so that the stability of the DMPP can be remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the polymer additive is used as an adhesive, so that the stability of the DMPP can be further improved. The nitrification inhibitor provided by the invention has excellent stability; the stable urea can be obtained by adopting an endogenous adding mode and adding the stable urea into the urea with relatively low loss, and the stable urea has multiple effects of improving the urea utilization rate, improving the crop quality, improving the soil biological environment, improving the soil fertility and the like.

The invention discloses an intelligent agricultural environment monitoring method and a light supplement adjusting system, and particularly relates to the technical field of agricultural monitoring. An edge computing device is utilized to extract photosynthesis efficiency irregular features and illumination intensity change rate fluctuation features in a data processing module, and a delay degree evaluation module evaluates the delay abnormal degree between real-time environment data and a light supplement adjustment decision. The light supplementing control module is used for deeply analyzing delay data in a fixed time period and dynamically adjusting the illumination intensity and spectral distribution of a light supplementing lamp, so that the problem of insufficient response caused by high delay and single parameter analysis in a traditional method is effectively solved; the accuracy and the real-time performance of agricultural environment monitoring are remarkably improved, the crop growth condition is optimized, and therefore the agricultural production efficiency and the crop quality are improved.

The invention provides a branched chain amino acid transaminase gene and application thereof, and belongs to the field of gene engineering. According to the invention, the branched chain amino acid transaminase gene HvBCAT5 is found for the first time, and the gene has obvious positive correlation with the accumulation of valine (Val), isoleucine (Ile) and leucine (Leu) of crops. The invention provides an important target gene HvBCAT5 for crop quality improvement, and has important value for increasing the content of branched chain amino acid of crops and improving dietary nutrition. The HvBCAT5 gene as well as a recombinant vector, a recombinant bacterium and a transgenic plant thereof have good application prospects in the fields of food and feed industry.

The invention provides a multi-sensor fusion crop harvesting and pile-dividing cooperative control method and a multi-sensor fusion crop harvesting and pile-dividing cooperative control system. The method comprises the following steps: extracting morphological characteristics of crops from crop image data, and generating a crop maturity identification result according to a difference value between reflection spectrum data of two groups of wavebands; determining a crop quality identification result according to the morphological characteristics and the crop maturity identification result; an opening and closing control instruction is sent to a pneumatic flow guide plate at a pile separation opening corresponding to the crop quality recognition result in a multi-stage pile separation opening in the tail end of the conveying belt, so that the crops on the conveying belt are conveyed to a corresponding pile separation area; and when the pressure value of the pile dividing area is larger than a preset pressure threshold value, the harvesting speed of the crop harvesting and pile dividing all-in-one machine is adjusted according to the pressure value. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the shape and maturity of the crops are analyzed through the image and spectral data, piling and harvesting can be intelligently controlled, and accurate and efficient crop quality grading and harvesting management are realized.

The present invention discloses a heterotrophic nitrifying Brevundimonas DB‑4 and its application, belonging to the field of microbial technology. The heterotrophic nitrifying Brevundimonas (Brevundimonas) DB‑4 was deposited in the General Microbiological Center of the China Microbiological Culture Collection Administration Committee on December 11, 2023, with a deposit number of CGMCC No.29279. The Brevundimonas DB‑4 provided by the present invention is derived from the decomposed matter of the mixed compost of bean cake and vegetable cypress, has a strong heterotrophic nitrification ability, can promote the conversion of ammonium nitrogen in the rhizosphere soil to nitrate nitrogen, and can effectively colonize in the soil, increase the nitrate nitrogen content in the soil and plants; at the same time, it has the ability to depotassium, thereby increasing the content of available potassium in the rhizosphere soil, can promote the improvement of crop quality, and can be widely used in the preparation of microbial fertilizers to improve the nitrogen conversion efficiency of fertilizers and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers.

The invention discloses a method for increasing the yield of ratooning rice, and relates to a fine field management technology. In the whole process from sowing to harvesting, the method comprises the steps that nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied in the specific growth stage, shallow water layer irrigation is kept, and water management is conducted immediately after first season rice is harvested so as to promote growth in the regeneration season. In addition, the method further comprises the steps of exogenous spraying of a plant growth regulator in the key growth period and unified management of diseases and pests. According to the technical scheme, the yield and stability of ratooning rice are improved by optimizing fertilization, irrigation and use of a plant growth regulator, and meanwhile environment safety and crop quality are guaranteed.

The invention discloses a novel process for producing a high-quality liquid fertilizer by using an acetylisovaleryltylosin tartrate finished product liquid, and relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and the novel process comprises the following specific steps: step 1, firstly, weighing polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt, cellulase and protease, and uniformly stirring; the preparation method has the advantages that the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer serving as a functional high-molecular polymer has good biocompatibility and controlled release performance, and when a solution prepared from the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer is emulsified and mixed with an alginate oligosaccharide solution, a uniform emulsion-like active synergistic carrier solution is formed; the emulsifying and mixing process enables the effective components in the two solutions to be fully and uniformly combined together to form a stable microsphere and micelle structure, so that the continuous and slow release of the acetylisovaleryltylosin tartrate and the synergistic plant growth regulatory factors thereof in the growth cycle of crops can be ensured, the fertilizer effect of the acetylisovaleryltylosin tartrate and the synergistic plant growth regulatory factors thereof can be fully exerted, and the crop quality is improved. Therefore, the problem that the fertilizer efficiency is not obvious in the prior art is effectively solved.

The invention discloses a microbial liquid inoculant containing streptomyces lydicus as well as a preparation method and application of the microbial liquid inoculant, belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and provides the microbial liquid inoculant containing the streptomyces lydicus, and the microbial liquid inoculant containing the streptomyces lydicus is prepared from 40 to 50 parts of streptomyces lydicus fermentation liquor, 3 to 7 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation liquor, 0.1 to 0.6 part of polysaccharide and 0.1 to 0.5 part of a dispersing agent. According to the microbial liquid fungicide containing the streptomyces lydicus, the streptomyces lydicus has a plant protection function, the polysaccharide has a non-specific protection effect on various bioactive substances, and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the streptomyces lydicus have a synergistic effect, so that the effects of resisting diseases, promoting growth and improving the quality and yield of crops are achieved. The preparation method of the microbial liquid inoculant is simple in process, low in preparation cost, low in energy consumption and suitable for popularization and application, and extraction and drying processes are avoided.

The invention discloses a seed coating containing an arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculant. The seed coating is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 to 35 parts of the arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculant, 35 to 45 parts of a soil conditioner, 15 to 20 parts of talcum powder and 15 to 20 parts of polyvinyl acetate. The invention further provides a preparation method of the seed coating containing the arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculant and application of the seed coating to reduction of soil heavy metal pollution, increase of disease resistance and stress resistance of crops and promotion of crop growth. The seed coating containing the arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculant wraps the surfaces of plant seeds, provides good nutritional ingredients for growth and development of the seeds, and is beneficial to improving the germination rate of the seeds under heavy metal cadmium stress, reducing soil heavy metal cadmium pollution, improving soil quality, increasing soil fertility and improving disease resistance and stress resistance of crops; growth of seedlings is promoted, and crop quality and yield are improved.

The invention discloses an amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and a production process thereof, and relates to the technical field of water-soluble fertilizers. Free amino acid is used as an organic nitrogen source, and the medium element calcium is combined, so that the crop quality is improved. The formula is low in cost, high in absorptivity, suitable for crop growth, simple and convenient to use and high in cost performance, and promotes the synergistic effect of nutrient elements. The method takes amino acid and calcium as raw materials, and has the characteristics of wide applicability, high output-input ratio and easiness in market promotion. The product is completely water-soluble, environment-friendly and safe, can regulate the physiological function of crops, increase the yield and amino acid content and improve the quality, and has remarkable economic benefits. In addition, activated ricinoleic acid carboxyl is combined with fucoidan enzymatic hydrolysis oligosaccharide to construct the microcapsule, so that efficient utilization of resources is realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and discloses a selenium-rich high-calcium Chinese yam planting process which comprises the following steps: soil improvement: deeply ploughing planting soil, and applying an organic fertilizer, a selenium fertilizer and a calcium fertilizer to adjust the soil structure; chinese yam cultivation, wherein Chinese yam is planted in the improved soil, and accurate field planting is conducted according to preset plant spacing and row spacing; precise fertilization: performing selenium-rich and high-calcium precise fertilization on the Chinese yam in stages, and adjusting the selenium content and the calcium content according to crop growth requirements during fertilization; pest and disease damage is prevented and controlled through biopesticide, natural enemy insects and a physical capture technology. Through precise fertilization, intelligent management, green prevention and control and soil optimization, the content of selenium and calcium in the Chinese yam is remarkably increased, and the crop quality is improved; meanwhile, by means of the intelligent water and fertilizer irrigation and resource circulation technology, water and fertilizer waste and environmental pollution are reduced, the production cost is reduced, sustainable agricultural development is promoted, and agricultural benefits are improved.

The invention relates to a composite microbial fertilizer with a saline-alkali soil improvement effect and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of microbial fertilizer preparation, the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials by mass: 10-30 parts of modified charcoal, 5-8 parts of a microbial agent, 30-50 parts of an inorganic fertilizer, 10-20 parts of a soil improvement agent and 3-5 parts of other auxiliary agents; wherein the modified biochar is obtained by performing segmented heat treatment modification on animal husbandry wastes; the microbial agent is obtained by immobilizing compound microorganisms by using sodium alginate gel reinforced by a mineral filler and micron-sized charcoal powder. The prepared fertilizer has the effects of improving crop quality and crop yield and improving saline-alkali soil.

The invention is applied to agricultural production, and particularly relates to a biostimulant formula and application of the biostimulant formula in promoting or regulating crop growth and inducing disease resistance in agricultural production. The biostimulant active component contains lactulose and nicotinamide mononucleotide; wherein the weight ratio of lactulose to nicotinamide mononucleotide is (1-10): (1-10). The formula of the biostimulant has the functions of promoting crop growth, improving crop quality and inducing disease resistance at the same time. The raw materials required by the formula are low in price and easy to obtain, the preparation process is simple, the equipment requirement is low, and the formula can be applied to the field of agricultural production.

The invention provides a branched chain amino acid transaminase gene and application thereof, and belongs to the field of gene engineering. According to the invention, the branched chain amino acid transaminase gene HvBCAT3 is found for the first time, and the gene is obviously positively correlated with the accumulation of leucine (Leu) of crops. The invention provides an important target gene HvBCAT3 for crop quality improvement, and has important value for increasing the content of branched chain amino acids of crops and improving dietary nutrition. The HvBCAT3 gene as well as a recombinant vector, recombinant bacteria and transgenic plants thereof have good application prospects in the fields of food and feed industry.

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural harvesting machinery, in particular to a continuous Chinese yam harvesting device which comprises a trolley body, a soil loosening unit is arranged on the front side of the trolley body, and the soil loosening unit is used for loosening soil; the harvesting unit is used for harvesting the Chinese yams in the loosened soil; the conveying unit is used for conveying the harvested Chinese yams; the cleaning unit comprises an energy collecting mechanism, a rolling cleaning mechanism and a spraying cleaning mechanism; through coordinated operation of the soil loosening unit, the harvesting unit and the conveying unit, energy recycling between the energy collecting mechanism and the spraying cleaning mechanism and double-layer cleaning of the rolling cleaning mechanism and the spraying cleaning mechanism, the production efficiency and the crop quality are improved, and the green agriculture development trend is met.

The invention discloses preparation and application of a microbial agent and a metabolite for sweetening fruits and vegetables, by introducing a specific microbial strain and the metabolite thereof, sugar accumulation of the fruits and vegetables in the growth process can be effectively promoted, and the sweetness of the fruits is directly improved. The microbial strains are carefully screened, so that a beneficial microenvironment can be established in a plant body or around a root system, the sugar metabolism process of the plant is promoted, meanwhile, the photosynthesis efficiency is improved, more carbohydrates are accumulated in fruits, and finally, the natural sweetening effect of the fruits and vegetables is achieved. Besides, natural plant extracts and microbial metabolites are adopted as main components instead of traditional chemical sweeteners, so that potential negative effects on crop quality are greatly reduced.

The invention belongs to the technical field of digital agricultural management, and particularly relates to a digital agricultural intelligent management system and method based on the Internet of Things. Through real-time data acquisition and multi-dimensional information processing, various strategies can accurately match actual production requirements, waste of resources such as water, fertilizer and pesticide is effectively reduced, the purpose of saving cost is achieved, fertilization and prevention and control schemes are adjusted in time according to real-time crop growth states and environment changes, and therefore the influence of diseases and pests is reduced, and the crop quality is improved. Healthy growth of crops is promoted, the yield and quality are improved, stable operation of various Internet of Things devices is guaranteed through device health monitoring, management interruption or data loss caused by device faults is reduced, efficient operation of the whole intelligent agricultural system is guaranteed, and the intelligent agricultural system is safe and reliable. Spatial data integration enables a management strategy to be optimally configured according to geographical and environmental conditions of different regions, and precise agricultural management according to local conditions is realized.

The invention provides a charcoal-based microalgae fertilizer as well as a preparation method and application thereof, the method adopts a mode of co-fermentation of charcoal and microalgae to fix microalgae on charcoal, and co-fermentation is performed to prepare the charcoal-based microalgae fertilizer. The biochar-based microalgae fertilizer can significantly improve the crop yield, increase the chlorophyll content of crops, promote healthy growth of plants, optimize the pH value of soil, enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil, and significantly improve the soil nutrients and soil enzyme activity, and has significant advantages in the aspects of nutrition supply, soil health, environmental protection, crop quality improvement and the like. The biochar-based microalgae fertilizer has two forms of liquid and dry powder, can be flexibly used according to a specific agricultural production mode, has the advantages of easily available raw materials and simple preparation, is a sustainable fertilizer source, can comprehensively improve the soil fertility and the crop stress resistance, reduces the dependence on chemical fertilizers, and reduces the environmental pollution problem in agricultural production.

A full-automatic granular crop quality detection, sorting and weighing integrated device comprises a uniform feeding module, an ordered arrangement module, a multi-axis co-drive conveying belt, an image acquisition module, an automatic sorting module, a precise collection module and a control module. According to the system and the method, high-flux and automatic ordered arrangement and non-repeated full-information image acquisition can be realized for granular crops, accurate quality detection and classification are realized by utilizing a deep learning network, manual operation is replaced, and high-efficiency and full-automatic sorting, weighing and statistics of imperfect particles, weeds or insects are realized.

The invention discloses a corn and wheat water and fertilizer adaptive control method and system, and relates to the technical field of water and fertilizer control. S2, disease monitoring and diagnosis; s3, nutrient demand analysis; s4, adjusting the irrigation amount; and S5, growth data feedback. According to the invention, through disease monitoring and diagnosis, whether the crops in the planting area have diseases and the types and severity of the diseases can be found in time, through nutrient demand analysis, the crop nutrient demands of the disease area and the non-disease area can be obtained respectively, and according to the disease occurrence condition and the nutrient demands of the crops, the crop quality is improved. Real-time partition accurate regulation and control are achieved, more accurate self-adaptive water and fertilizer irrigation amount regulation is achieved, a suitable growth environment is provided for crops, the influence of diseases on crop growth is relieved, recovery and growth of the crops are guaranteed, and therefore the yield and quality of the crops are improved.

The invention discloses application of biochar in saline-alkali soil improvement and crop quality and yield improvement, and relates to the technical field of biochar soil improvement and crop yield and quality improvement. Comprising a biochar saline-alkali soil improvement and crop quality-improving and yield-increasing system which is used for acquiring degradation weight data of biochar and physical and chemical data of saline-alkali soil, acquiring correlation between saline-alkali soil data and biochar degradation degree by using a Pearson correlation coefficient, calculating the biochar degradation degree, constructing a biochar degradation monitoring model, and monitoring the quality of the saline-alkali soil in the biochar degradation monitoring model. According to the method, the soil bulk density measurement technology, the drying acquisition technology and the modern information technology are combined, the soil bulk density measurement technology and the drying acquisition technology are combined, and the soil bulk density measurement and the drying acquisition technology are combined; the consumption of biochar in saline-alkali soil at the interval of 24 hours and the soil bulk density, the water content, the pH value and the organic carbon content of the saline-alkali soil in a saline-alkali soil test area at the interval of 24 hours are accurately captured, and physical data and chemical data of the saline-alkali soil are monitored in real time.

The invention provides an intelligent greenhouse photosynthetic optimization method and system, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the real-time monitoring of a multi-source sensor network in a greenhouse, and carrying out the deployment of the sensor network in a high-density state; the data are analyzed and processed by using a deep learning technology, an optimal illumination strategy for different crops is generated, and a model is trained by using a large amount of labeled data, so that the optimal illumination strategy required by a specific crop under a given condition can be predicted. According to the invention, accurate monitoring and regulation of environmental parameters in the greenhouse are realized through an accurate algorithm, so that optimal illumination conditions are provided for different crops to improve the growth speed and yield of the crops, the moisture content required by the crops is accurately calculated through an AI algorithm, and a micro-drop irrigation technology is used to directly act on a root area, so that the waste of moisture is reduced, and the crop quality is improved. And according to the growth stage of the crop and the soil test result, the AI algorithm can accurately calculate the mass of the required nutrients, and excessive or insufficient fertilization is avoided.

The invention provides a branched chain amino acid transaminase gene and application thereof, and belongs to the field of gene engineering. According to the invention, the branched chain amino acid transaminase gene HvBCAT1 is found for the first time, and the gene has obvious positive correlation with valine (Val) and isoleucine (Ile) accumulation of crops. The invention provides an important target gene HvBCAT1 for crop quality improvement, and has important value for increasing the content of branched chain amino acid of crops and improving dietary nutrition. The HvBCAT1 gene as well as a recombinant vector, recombinant bacteria and transgenic plants thereof have good application prospects in the fields of food and feed industry.

The invention relates to an intelligent control method and system for high-pressure atomization irrigation and a storage medium of the intelligent control method and system, and aims to solve the problem that the quality is inconsistent due to the fact that traditional water and fertilizer management of high-value crops is difficult to sense the internal physiological state of the crops in real time. Randomly selecting a plurality of offering samples in each management partition for destructive sampling, and obtaining crop truth value data through physiological and biochemical detection; then, an irrigation rule base is established and dynamically updated based on the truth value data, and then variable control instructions are generated for the management partitions in combination with the real-time environment data; the invention further provides a system for implementing the method and a storage medium, accurate regulation and control starting from real demands of crop bodies are achieved, the consistency of crop quality and the resource utilization efficiency are effectively improved, and self-learning and predictive prevention and control capabilities are achieved.

The invention discloses a crop quality index content prediction method, system and device, a medium and a product, and relates to the technical field of crop quality index detection.The method comprises the steps that near infrared spectrum data and conductivity data of a to-be-detected crop sample are obtained and preprocessed, and the conductivity of the to-be-detected crop sample is obtained; carrying out characteristic wave band screening on the preprocessed near infrared spectrum data to obtain screened near infrared spectrum data, and fusing the screened near infrared spectrum data and the preprocessed conductivity data to obtain a fused characteristic vector of the to-be-detected crop sample; respectively inputting the fusion feature vectors of the to-be-detected crop samples into the crop quality index content prediction models to obtain corresponding predicted values of the crop quality index content; the crop quality index content is free amino acid content, starch content, soluble sugar content or vitamin C content. The accuracy and the prediction efficiency of crop quality index content prediction are improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and discloses an organic fertilizer for improving rice quality under saline-alkali stress, which comprises chicken manure, rice straw, modified attapulgite and a compound microbial agent. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the organic fertilizer. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, pretreating and mixing the raw materials; s2, inoculating with a complex microbial inoculant; s3, staged composting control; and S4, post-processing. A chicken manure-rice straw-heat modified attapulgite-complex microbial inoculant system is constructed, the problems of long composting period, incomplete saline-alkali soil improvement, insufficient crop stress resistance and the like in the traditional technology are solved, the composting efficiency is improved, the pH and conductivity of the saline-alkali soil are reduced, meanwhile, the tillering ability and root activity of rice are enhanced, and the yield of the rice is increased. A closed loop of agricultural waste recycling, soil remediation and crop quality improvement is formed, and the comprehensive benefits are superior to those of an existing single technology.

A use of a ZmCCD8 gene in maize breeding, including overexpressing the ZmCCD8 gene in maize plants through breeding to increase iron content in maize leaves and / or kernels. The ZmCCD8 gene has a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. The use of the ZmCCD8 gene in maize breeding can provide important genetic resources and technical support for improving crop quality and enhancing stress resistance, having important application prospects.

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a polyaspartic acid rare earth chelate and application thereof. The polyaspartic acid-rare earth chelate is formed by chelating polyaspartic acid and rare earth elements, and when the polyaspartic acid-rare earth chelate is used for agricultural planting, the polyaspartic acid-rare earth chelate can show a remarkable synergistic effect in the aspects of promoting plant growth, improving crop yield, improving crop quality and inducing plant disease resistance.

The invention belongs to agricultural machinery, and mainly relates to a detachable movable and fixed cutter stubble-cutting soil-avoiding root-cutting ridge shape repairing device, which comprises a stubble-cleaning device, a root-killing device and a soil-covering device, according to the stubble cleaning device, crop types are recognized in real time through an observation camera, crop type information is provided for a controller, the controller controls a movable cutter shaft and a sliding block to move all movable blades to form a novel combined movable and fixed cutter, the combined split type movable and fixed cutter can adapt to crushing of different crop stubbles, the adaptability and the stubble crushing quality of the stubble cutting cutter are improved, and the stubble cleaning efficiency is improved. According to the root-killing device, root-killing wheels move up and down through a cylindrical cam structure, soil between stubbles is avoided, large-area turning of the soil is avoided, soil moisture can be effectively preserved, the root-killing wheels are designed by imitating spiked clubs, the arrangement mode of the tips of the root-killing wheels is innovated, the root-killing wheels better conform to the distribution condition of corn root systems, high-quality root breaking is achieved, and the root-killing efficiency is improved. The soil covering device drives a soil covering plate to be opened and closed through a gear mechanism, and efficient repairing of the ridge shape of an area after root killing is achieved.