The invention discloses a quantitative detection method for heavy metal cadmium ions, and belongs to the technical field of biological detection. The quantitative detection method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a cadmium ion immunogold-labeled rapid detection card, specifically, wherein preparation of the cadmium ion immunogold-labeled rapid detection card comprises the following steps: (1), preparing a nitrocellulose membrane containing a detection line T and a quality control line C; (2) preparing a gold-labeled pad; (3) assembling an immunogold-labeled rapid test card; and S2, setting a standard curve for quantitative detection of a cadmium ion immunogold-labeled rapid detection card; S3, quantitatively detecting a sample by using the cadmium ion immunogold-labeled rapid detection card. According to the present invention, the immunogold labeling rapid detection card is prepared by using the gold labeling technology, combining the antigen-antibody immunoreaction and using the lateral chromatography principle, can be used for rapid immunodetection, and can be combined with the color generation analyzer, the color generation analyzer determines the depth of the C line and the T line, the T/C is calculated, and then linear fitting is carried out, and the corresponding parameters is set in the color generation analyzer, the color generation analyzer is applied, and a standard curve is set to realize quantitative detection.