40 results about "Method of averaging" patented technology

The presently described embodiments provide for halftone-aligned averaging and noise reduction in a calibration method and associated system. Halftone-aligned averaging is implemented, in one form, as a method of averaging in which the window over which an average is computed is a multiple of the halftone period. Noise reduction, in one illustrative embodiment, comprises discarding windows having an average outside of the range from the 5th to the 95th percentiles of all windows for a patch.

The present invention provides a method for production of high spatial and temporal resolution NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) based on spatial and temporal weight. The method comprises: NDVI data with a low spatial and temporal resolution at t1 time, NDVI data with a high spatial and temporal resolution and NDVI data with a low spatial and temporal resolution at tp time are subjected to mixed pixel decomposition and spatial interpolation to obtain two NDVI increments with the high spatial and temporal resolution data in time domain; employing Bayesian model average method to perform weight combination calculation of the two DNVI increments, and obtaining the NDVI synthesis increment of each pixel; and finally adding the NDVI synthesis increment to the NDVI with the high spatial and temporal resolution to obtain required NDVI with the high spatial and temporal resolution. The two NDVI increments are subjected to Bayesian integration, and the spatial and temporal relationship between geographical data is fully employed to provide an effective method for production of vegetation indexes with the high spatial and temporal resolution.

The present invention discloses an infrared spectrum model transfer method based on random forest migration learning. The method comprises the steps of utilizing the random forest thought to generate a sampling data set scanned by a master instrument into a plurality of sub-data sets by utilizing a Bootstrap method; aiming at each sub-data set, combining a sample data set scanned by a target instrument and utilizing a migration learning algorithm to establish an analysis model on the target instrument; aiming at a to-be-measured sample infrared spectrum acquired on the target instrument, predicting the to-be-measured component content of the to-be-measured sample infrared spectrum according to each established analysis model; calculating the structural distribution similarity between each to-be-measured sample and the samples in the established analysis models to determine the target analysis model weight factors corresponding to each to-be-measured sample; and then utilizing a weighted average method to gather the prediction results to obtain the final to-be-measured component content. The method has the advantages of being strong in robustness and being adaptive, enables the accuracy and the stability of the model transfer to be improved effectively, and can be widely used in the solid phase, liquid phase and gas phase infrared spectrum model transfer field.

The invention provides a method for identifying traveling OD nodes and extracting a path between nodes in a big data environment. According to the method, traveling path data of massive individuals ismined by using spatial activity data sets of individuals of mobile terminals in a specified time range, and fitting interpolation is performed on the traveling path data, so as to acquire an individual traveling time-space sequence of an equal time interval; a possible cluster region is searched in the individual traveling time-space sequence through a spatial clustering method, intersection angle differences between a center point of the cluster region and external nodes of the cluster region are compared so as to determine whether an extracted cluster point is an OD point, and the travelingtime-space sequence of a user is split. Through adoption of the method, the traveling time-space sequence of massive individuals in a specified time range can be acquired conveniently and automatically at low cost, node regions with an OD feature can be found rapidly through a spatial clustering algorithm and a weighted averaging method, and OD points are determined according to rules, so that ODnode-based road section segmentation is performed on the traveling time-space sequence of the user conveniently and efficiently.

An adaptive equalizer system and method uses an averaging algorithm to adjust equalization and amplitude for a data signal. Two sampled data points, spanning a sampling window, are obtained from the equalized signal. The data points are evaluated to determine when a signal condition persists long enough to require equalization adjustment, as well as evaluating persistent conditions in the amplitude of the received data signal. By monitoring persistent conditions in the equalized signal, the average signal received by the equalizer is compensated. The bit resolution of the equalizer control and the amplitude control can be selected for a desired resolution in a system. The incoming data signal is used to generate the requisite timing signals for sampling and control such that high frequency clock circuits and PLL techniques are unnecessary resulting in lower power consumption and reduced costs.

This invention discloses a modeling method for on-line measuring 4-CBA contents based on limited -memory section of method of least square, which chooses nine most important process variables to 4-CBA content as assistance variables of flexible measuring model. And it employs the rolling correcting samples method of averaging and variance to bring information of old samples into the model to avoid missing information. The advantages of the invention are the following: 1, 4-CBA flexible measuring model is of linear model and of simple structure; 2, 4-CBA flexible measuring model is set up through rolling pattern with self-adaptation for systematic slow time-varying characteristics; 3, It employs l limited -memory section of method of least square to overcome saturation of sample; 4, the flexible measuring model of 4-CBA content is dynamic model with high accuracy.

This method of adaptive signal averaging is used to enhance the signal to noise ratio of magnetic resonance and other analytical measurements which involve repeatable signals partially or completely obscured by noise in a single measurement at a rate much faster than that observed with conventional signal averaging. This technique expedites the signal averaging process because it filters each individual scan in real time with an adaptive algorithm and then averages them separately to provide an averaged filtered signal with less noise. This technique is particularly useful for any type of continuous wave magnetic resonance experiment or any other noisy measurement where signal averaging is utilized.

The invention discloses a multi-expert dynamic coordination judging method and an intellectualized aid decision support system. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) establishing a judging system; 2) assigning weights to factors and realizing the consistency of the assigned weight of each factor through dynamic coordination; 3) making single factor judgment by experts respectively and obtaining comprehensive decisions; 4) converting the comprehensive decisions of the plurality of experts into a decision information set, and calculating the consistency of each decision scheme; and 5) under given precision, if the comprehensive decision of an individual expert is not consistent, adjusting to obtain the result of the comprehensive judgment. The intellectualized aid decision support system comprises five sub systems, namely an online help sub system, an inner management sub system, a user data management sub system, a model simulation sub system and a decision support sub system. By the method and through the system, the consistency of the assigned weight of each factor and the single factor judgment is realized; and the problem that the judgments of some experts are much different from the centralized judgment by the traditional method of averaging each judgment value according to the number of the experts is solved.

The invention relates to a correction method for a radar receiving channel array. According to the method, the amplitudes and phase data of the receiving channel array at multiple angles are firstly recorded, and then amplitude and phase correction is carried out. The amplitude correction value is obtained through the method of averaging amplitude measurement values of the multiple angles. According to the calculation of the phase correction value, a phase reference channel is selected firstly, the theoretical phase deviation value of the reference channel is subtracted from the phase measurement value of each angle, bad values are removed, the residual data are averaged, then the phase deviation value is obtained, and the phase correction value is further obtained.

The invention relates to a soft sensing method for PM2.5 of air fine particles based on image features and an integrated neural network, which belongs to the field of both environmental engineering and detection technology. An atmospheric environmental system has many variables, nonlinear and complicated internal mechanism. Compared with single neural network, an ensemble neural network has betterability to deal with highly nonlinear and seriously uncertain system, and the real-time and high efficiency of PM2.5 prediction can be improved effectively by using image features as input variables.The invention aims at the problem that PM2.5 is difficult to predict with high precision and real-time. Firstly, the image features related to PM2.5 are extracted based on the feature extraction method. Secondly, the soft sensor model between PM2.5 and the image features is established by using the ensemble neural network based on the simple average method. Finally, the PM2.5 is predicted with the established soft sensor model and good results are obtained. The output results of the soft sensor model can provide timely and accurate information of atmospheric environment quality for environmental management decision-makers and the masses, which is conducive to strengthening the control of atmospheric pollution and preventing serious pollution.

The invention relates to a selective cardiac-magnetic signal averaging method in signal noise suppression. The selective cardiac-magnetic signal averaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: calculating a similarity coefficient between a template signal and a detected signal based on a template matching way; and removing part of interference cyclic waves through threshold value judgment for averaging, so that the selective signal averaging is realized. According to the selective cardiac-magnetic signal averaging method in signal noise suppression disclosed by the invention, the cyclic waves with noise interference and abnormal signals in the signals are removed by virtue of template matching, so that unnecessary signal distortion caused by noises is not introduced to the signal averaging result, and the flexibility is high; and moreover, the selective cardiac-magnetic signal averaging method is applicable to solving various interference problems during a process of acquiring cardiac-magnetic signals.

The invention discloses a data processing method for reducing uncertainty of measurement data. According to the method, various influence factors which are finally and comprehensively reflected on the measurement data are fully considered, thus the analysis and compensation of a statistical law are carried out on the measurement data, a system error is compensated by use of a method of averaging multiple measurements, a random error remained after the compensation of the system error is filtered by use of a wavelet filtering method, the combined compensation data are approximate to real data, thus the uncertainty of the measurement data is reduced, the processing process is compact and efficient; the method takes the measurement data processing of a three-coordinate measuring machine as an example, but is not limited to three-coordinate data processing; the method is a universal data processing method and has high engineering application value.

The invention relates to a gear state monitoring index extraction method based on KL divergence and root mean square values. According to the method of the invention, the influence of rotation speed fluctuation is eliminated through key phase information and by means of angle domain re-sampling; stable modulated signals are obtained through a time domain synchronous averaging method; one-times meshing frequencies and three-times side frequencies are filtered out through cut-off filtering; an exact meshing frequency and side frequencies are determined through using amplitude search; the amplitude of the meshing frequency is increased so as to exceed the sum of the amplitudes of the side frequencies; Hilbert transformation is adopted to solve a signal envelope, so that envelope signals can be obtained; 30 sets of numbers are selected, an KL divergence trend graph and a normalized RMS value trend graph are drawn; and the operating state of a gear is evaluated on the basis of a KL divergence trend and a normalized RMS value trend. With the method of the invention adopted, the state monitoring of a gear case is effectively performed, and misjudgment is unlikely to occur.

The invention provides a method for monitoring leakage and positioning a pipeline through a straining loop sensor array, and belongs to the technical field of monitoring of pipelines. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of monitoring leakage through a negative pressure wave time interval signal generated by the straining loop sensor array during measuring leakage; measuring time difference of a negative wave signal and a geometric distance equitation set of a straining loop sensor through the straining loop sensor array; removing negative pressure wave speed which is an unknown value; solving the position of a leakage point; reducing the positioning error by the method of averaging a plurality of leakage point positions. The method has the effects and benefits that the shortage that the negative pressure wave speed is utilized for calculating and positioning in the traditional negative pressure wave positioning method, which causes low leakage positioning precision is solved; the reliability is high, the pipeline structure is free of damage, and the leakage can be monitored on real time.

The invention provides a reservoir stage power generation scheduling rule extraction method. Stage influence factors are screened based on grey relational analysis, a multivariate nonlinear regressionmodel, a support vector machine model and a BP artificial neural network model are adopted to fit and then obtain a stage reservoir power generation scheduling function, and a Bayesian model averaging method is applied to perform multi-model weighted averaging to obtain a final stage reservoir power generation scheduling function. According to the invention, GRA is introduced into the reservoir scheduling rule simulation for influence factor screening, so redundant attributes are removed, the model complexity is reduced, and the model simulation efficiency is improved; GRA and EVA are combined to realize the stage extraction of reservoir power generation rules, so the inconsistency of the correlation between decision variables and the influence factors for different periods of reservoir scheduling is balanced, the uncertainty of a single model which may be caused by the model structure is balanced, and the model simulation precision is improved; the requirement for reservoir power generation scheduling rule extraction is met, and the benefits of determinacy optimization scheduling in the power generation process are well inherited.

The presently described embodiments provide for halftone-aligned averaging and noise reduction in a calibration method and associated system. Halftone-aligned averaging is implemented, in one form, as a method of averaging in which the window over which an average is computed is a multiple of the halftone period. Noise reduction, in one illustrative embodiment, comprises discarding windows having an average outside of the range from the 5th to the 95th percentiles of all windows for a patch.

The invention provides a method for quantitatively analyzing underground water numerical simulation uncertainty based on information entropy. The method comprises the steps that the information entropy of predictive variable probability distribution is adopted as the uncertainty of a variable, and according to the predictor formula and information entropy theory of a Bayesian model averaging method, the underground prediction uncertainty is decomposed into a model structure, model parameters and the overlapped uncertainty among various concept model prediction distributions. The uncertainty of each probability distribution type random variable can be measured, the defect that a traditional variance method can only measure normal distribution is overcome, and the application range of quantitative uncertainty analysis is enlarged; the underground water numerical simulation uncertainty breaks up into model parameters, the model structure and the overlapped uncertainty, and the defect that the overlapped uncertainty cannot be described through the traditional variance method can be overcome; the model parameter uncertainty is defined as the difference obtained by subtracting the model overlapped uncertainty from the sum of various concept model interior (parameter) uncertainty weights, and therefore the uncertainties are described more accurately and reasonably.

An estimating method for maximum channel delay and cyclic prefix (CP) averaging method in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receiver are described. Specifically, the estimating method performs the estimation of the maximum channel delay by adding the CP and the main OFDM signal for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and for reducing the inter-carrier interference (ICI). The CP averaging method is used to acquire a portion of the CP by using the maximum channel delay so as to increase the performance of the OFDM receiver.

The invention provides an automatic detection method of dynamic and static multi-path channels. The automatic detection method comprises the following steps of: respectively calculating amplitudes and phases corresponding to multi-paths and amplitudes and phases of a time delay D frame to obtain an amplitude difference and a phase difference; respectively summarizing absolute values of a normalized amplitude difference and a normalized phase difference, and calculating intermediate variables Ei; and sending E'i obtained by averaging the intermediate variables and subjected to smoothing filtering to a detection module, and displaying a judgment result of the dynamic and static multi-path channels by the detection module according to the E'i change. In the automatic detection method of the dynamic and static multi-path channels provided by the invention, the amplitude and phase information of the multi-paths is comprehensively considered, and the dynamic multi-path channels and the static multi-path channels can be distinguished correctly and stably; if the detection result is the static multi-path channels, an estimation variance can be reduced by using a method of averaging channel estimation, and the precision of channel equalization is improved.

The invention relates to a method and system for fast and robust image stray light suppression, which adopts a method of averaging pixels around current pixels to obtain background stray light images,wherein the complexity is low. At the same time, the background stray light image is calculated directly by mathematical decomposition process, which is simple and suitable for the operation of an embedded platform. Under the requirement of high-frequency processing (50Hz), a simplified method of solving the low-frequency information is adopted and the low-frequency information of each pixel is obtained by weighting the surrounding pixel values by a simplified method. In this way, the low-frequency information of the image, that is, background stray light image, can be obtained accurately, and the high-frequency star point information can be obtained conveniently. The whole calculation process in the program only needs adding and subtracting and shift operations, and is convenient for theimplementation of the embedded platform.

The invention discloses an MIMO-OFDM channel estimator designed based on a quadratic curve fitting method. The channel estimator comprises a transmitting end and a receiving end, and is characterized in that the transmitting end comprises multiple groups of pilot frequencies which are distributed in OFDM symbols in equal distance; zero pilot frequencies and non-zero pilot frequencies in each group of pilot frequencies are mixed at a subcarrier to be alternatively inserted, and the zero pilot frequencies serve as protection intervals; the receiving end is used for receiving a signal transmitted by the transmitting end and calculating the estimated value and filter coefficient at the zero pilot frequencies by virtue of FFT transform; and the estimated value and filter coefficient at the zero pilot frequencies are respectively calculated by virtue of the quadratic curve fitting method of a six-point smoothing filter. The condition that the channel estimation is damaged by an improper averaging method is avoided. According to the STBC technology, LS operation of a multidimensional matrix is transformed into a one-dimensional matrix operation, the complexity is reduced, the estimation accuracy of a traditional channel estimation method is improved based on the optimization thought of the system, and the signal-to-noise ratio application range is widened.

A device for measurement of ultrasonic wave transit times of an ultrasonic flow sensor consists of: 1) a synchronization signal generator, 2) a reference pulse generator, 3) a sine wave generator, 4) an analog signal amplifier, 5) a comparator, 6) a plurality of latch circuits, 7) a digital adder, 8) an integrator, 9) an A / D converter. 10) a master counter, 11) a plurality of edge counters, and 12) an arithmetic circuit. The device measures the ultrasonic wave transit times using a method of averaging the ultrasonic wave arriving limes at different measuring points (triggering point). This method has less dependency on triggering threshold level and the ultrasonic signal amplitude, and thus has less dependency on threshold drift, threshold stability, system gain fluctuation, electronic noise and signal amplitude variations. As a result, the method can greatly improve the velocity measurement accuracy and system robustness of an ultrasonic flow sensor.

The invention discloses a method for measuring the thickness of the coating of a steel wire. According to the method, the diameter of the steel wire containing a coating is measured according to a method of averaging multiple measurement; the inlaying of the steel wire is performed according to an arbitrary angle, so that a sectional metallographic sample is prepared; the prepared metallographic sample is arranged in a scanning electron microscope, and observation is performed; backscattering photographs are taken; the center of the elliptical steel wire section is determined; the thickness ofthe coating at any point on the section is measured; and the actual thickness of the corresponding coating can be calculate according to a proportional formula. The analysis method is simple and easyto implement, is not affected by the size of the steel wire. With the method adopted, special sample preparation methods are not required; special testing equipment is not required; more accurate test results can be provided; and the measurement requirements of the thickness of the coating of the steel wire can be satisfied.

An estimating method for maximum channel delay and cyclic prefix (CP) averaging method in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receiver are described. Specifically, the estimating method performs the estimation of the maximum channel delay by adding the CP and the main OFDM signal for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and for reducing the inter-carrier interference (ICI). The CP averaging method is used to acquire a portion of the CP by using the maximum channel delay so as to increase the performance of the OFDM receiver.

Methods and apparatuses are provided for driving a modem. A Channel Impulse Response (CIR) is computed through channel estimation. An estimation time position is estimated by applying a weighted-average method to the CIR. A time offset is measured by comparing the estimation time position with a reference time position. The time offset is compensated for.

After accomplishing channel estimation and obtaining power of time delay of channel from calculation, the method filters out high frequency segment, which is corresponding to fast fading part of channel, so as to obtain relative accurate estimation. Being adopted in the invention, averaging method of cyclic shift carried out shift alignment for time delay spectrum of route of channel in order to prevent spread of the spectrum caused by change of channel estimation from change of channel so as to ensure correctness for searching following routes. Since flip of time delay spectrum caused by operation of shift filter or, especially caused by position change of effective route may be occur, the system modifies channel estimation to prevent error command for adjusting timing based on condition of shift of time delay in system.

The invention provides a reservoir stage power generation scheduling rule extraction method. Stage influence factors are screened based on grey relational analysis, a multivariate nonlinear regressionmodel, a support vector machine model and a BP artificial neural network model are adopted to fit and then obtain a stage reservoir power generation scheduling function, and a Bayesian model averaging method is applied to perform multi-model weighted averaging to obtain a final stage reservoir power generation scheduling function. According to the invention, GRA is introduced into the reservoir scheduling rule simulation for influence factor screening, so redundant attributes are removed, the model complexity is reduced, and the model simulation efficiency is improved; GRA and EVA are combined to realize the stage extraction of reservoir power generation rules, so the inconsistency of the correlation between decision variables and the influence factors for different periods of reservoir scheduling is balanced, the uncertainty of a single model which may be caused by the model structure is balanced, and the model simulation precision is improved; the requirement for reservoir power generation scheduling rule extraction is met, and the benefits of determinacy optimization scheduling in the power generation process are well inherited.

Methods, systems, and devices are described for wired communication. In one aspect, a method relates to an approach to determine a coefficient based at least in part on a weighted average of multiple estimates of a coefficient from known (e.g., stored) coefficients. The weighted average approach may improve coefficient determination. For example, a weighted average interpolation / extrapolation approach is used to determine vectoring coefficients from known vectoring coefficients in a vectored DSL system. Such an approach may provide a significant improvement in the SNR performance of the system, for example, as compared to coefficients obtained by linear interpolation. The weighted average may be of a linear interpolation, a forward extrapolation and a backward extrapolation of the particular coefficient being determined. As such, linear interpolation, forward extrapolation and backward extrapolation may be leveraged to improve accuracy of the determined coefficient.

The invention discloses a control system for adding and discharging water to a laboratory water tank, which comprises a water pressure measuring instrument, a single-chip microcomputer control system, a water filling switch and a water discharge switch, and the single-chip microcomputer control system is respectively connected with the water pressure measuring instrument, the water filling switch and the water discharging switch; At the same time, the data obtained by the water pressure measuring instrument is fed back to the single-chip control system, and the single-chip control system controls the water supply switch and the water discharge switch to add water or discharge water to the water tank through calculation. The control system for adding water and releasing water to laboratory water tanks of the present invention has simple structure and low cost, and can be applied to test water tanks of various colleges and universities. The method of calculating the average value of multiple measurements can meet the test requirements, and the accuracy of the water level is also greatly improved compared with naked eye observation.