The invention discloses a scanning microsphere lens super-resolution microscope based on near-field optics used for a liquid environment. The scanning microsphere lens super-resolution microscope includes an optical microscope, a microsphere lens, a container, a glass tube probe, a sampling electrode, a grounding electrode, a DC power supply, current amplifier, a real-time feedback and scanning controller, and a pre-adjustment displacement table and a scanning table that can move in three-dimensional directions, a positive electrode of the DC power supply and the sampling electrode are connected with a corresponding end of the current amplifier separately, the glass tube probe includes a straight section connected with a pre-adjustment displacement table and a slant section connected withthe straight section, the bottom end of the slant section is provided with a needle tip part, the sampling electrode is arranged in the glass tube probe, the microsphere lens is arranged in the needle tip part of the slant section, and the vertex of the microsphere lens is almost the same position as the bottom of the microsphere lens. The scanning microsphere lens super-resolution microscope based on near-field optics is mainly used in the fields of life science and the like which require nanoscale super-resolution real-time dynamic observation and operation in a liquid environment.