Electrolyte formulations for
lithium-
ion batteries are disclosed that enable high-
voltage operation, improved cycle life, reduced impedance, and enhanced safety. The formulations comprise an aprotic
organic solvent, a
lithium salt, and an
epoxide functionalized
organic compound, and may further include additives such as
organosulfur compounds,
alkyl nitriles, fluorinated aliphatic esters, cyclic carbonates, partially fluorinated
phenyl phosphate esters, and fluorinated cyclic phosphazenes. These components synergistically stabilize the
cathode electrolyte interface (CEI), mitigate oxidative
decomposition at elevated voltages, and impart
flame-retardant properties.
Electrochemical energy storage devices incorporating these formulations exhibit superior performance under high-
voltage and high-temperature conditions, making them suitable for applications such as electric vehicles,
aerospace systems, and grid storage.