The invention discloses a method for planting oat in a spring wheat field vacant in summer and autumn. According to the method for planting oat in the spring wheat field vacant in summer and autumn, through a series of technical means such as soil preparation, irrigation, sun-curing, seed selection, sowing, field management and harvesting, the problems that due to the fact that the spring wheat field is vacant in summer and autumn, the land utilization rate is low, cultivated land waste is caused, the soil moisture status deteriorates, and conflict between grass and livestock is caused are solved, grain is grown in the spring wheat field in spring, grass is grown in the spring wheat field in summer and autumn, the light resource, heat resource and water resource are fully utilized, the multiple crop index and land equivalent are increased, the contradiction between people and land is relieved, the land utilization rate can be increased, the soil water content and soil nutrient content are increased, high-quality forage is provided for the development of animal husbandry, the yield of high-quality oat hay can be 600-800 kg/667 m<2>, economical benefits can be increased, and compared with the prior art that multiple cropping is not conducted, the net income can be increased by 580-900 yuan per mu.