The invention discloses a preparation method of liposome containing irradiated graphene quantum dots (IGQDs). The method comprises the following steps: 1) weighing carbon fiber (CF) and adding the material in a round-bottom 3-mouth flask, adding the mixed acid for mixing, performing ultrasonic treatment, heating backflow, centrifugation and pumping filtration, and dialysis to obtain a graphene quantum dot (GQDs) solution; 2) weighing the graphene quantum dot (GQDs) solution and adding the material into deionized water and an organic solvent, using electron beams for irradiation, performing dialysis to obtain an irradiated graphene quantum dot (IGQDs) solution; 3) weighing HSPC, CHO, and DSPE-PEG2000 and mixing the materials, adding a mixture in chloroform and methanol for dissolution; weighing the above solution, adding the material into a pear-shaped bottle for rotary evaporation to obtain the liposome, adding the (IGQDs) solution, performing concussion mixing, placing the material in a shaking table for hydration, performing extrusion, and placing the material in a refrigerator; and 4) taking the material out and adding the material in a gel separating column, eluting the material by the deionized water, collecting an eluate to obtain the liposome containing the irradiated graphene quantum dots (IGQDs). The liposome can emit white fluorescence under irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp with 365 nm, and has good water-soluble performance and low biological toxicity.