A
system for the
environmentally friendly synthesis, adsorption testing and characterization of
nickel oxide nanoparticles, comprising: a
plant extract
processing plant configured to extract a
phytochemical-rich solution from gooseberry
biomass by controlled Soxhlet
reflux and continuous
water circulation; a pre-reaction and
mixing chamber which is operationally connected to the extract preparation unit and is configured to receive metered volumes of the extract and an aqueous
nickel nitrate hexahydrate solution, the chamber comprising a temperature-controlled stirrer, a
pH probe and a peristaltic
feed pump to maintain the homogeneity of the solution and the pH within a predefined range; a
microprocessor-controlled
calcination and
combustion unit connected downstream of the
reaction chamber and configured to thermally decompose the reaction mixture into
nickel oxide nanoparticles under programmed temperature cycles between 300 °C and 700 °C; a
nanoparticle collector and
drying system configured to separate, transport and dry the synthesized nanoparticles under
inert air circulation at controlled temperature; an adsorption test module with two reaction chambers for simultaneous testing of the adsorption of
amaranth dye and
hexavalent chromium, each
reaction chamber comprising an integrated UV-Vis probe,
magnetic stirrer, heating plate and microvalve-controlled
reagent inlets for pH modulation; a characterization interface configured to transmit optical and surface data from the nanoparticles via dedicated optical and mechanical
coupling ports to analytical instruments such as UV-Vis spectrophotometers, FTIR spectrometers, XRD analyzers, and SEM imaging systems; and a central control and
processing unit consisting of a
microcontroller configured to receive sensor data from temperature, pH and
optical transducers, execute synthesis and adsorption control techniques, calculate
adsorption kinetics and output real-time process parameters as well as adsorption efficiency.