The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic testing, and particularly relates to a system and method for testing sealing friction force and viscous friction coefficients of a hydraulic linear moving element. The testing problems of viscous friction force and viscous friction coefficients of a high-water-based hydraulic element are solved. The system for testing the testing sealing friction force and the viscous friction coefficients of the hydraulic linear moving element is characterized in that a driving part comprises a filter I, a driving pump, an overflow valve I, an electro-hydraulic proportional directional valve, a hydraulic control one-way valve I, a hydraulic control one-way valve II, a displacement sensor and a driving oil cylinder, and a tested part comprises a pressure gauge I, an energy accumulator I, a stop valve I, a stop valve II, an energy accumulator II, a pressure gauge II, a tested cylinder, a shifting piece, a travel switch I, a travel switch II, a one-way valve I, a one-way valve II, an electro-hydraulic reversing valve, an overflow valve II, a liquid filling pump and a filter II. According to the system and method for testing the testing sealingfriction force and the viscous friction coefficients of the hydraulic linear moving element, the sealing friction resistance and the friction coefficients under different differential pressure and movement speeds can be measured.