The invention discloses an
early warning system for damage of materials in a high-temperature furnace or a graphitization furnace. The
early warning system is suitable for the high-temperature furnace provided with an opposite-penetrating type
graphite heater and a multi-layer carbonaceous heat preservation layer. According to the
system, the center temperature of a
hearth is obtained through an optical
pyrometer arranged outside a furnace body, temperature sensors are arranged in heat preservation
layers with different thicknesses to obtain the temperature of each heat preservation layer, current transformers or Rogowski current loops are arranged at the head and the
tail of a
graphite heater, and a low-
voltage alternating-current
voltmeter is connected to a heating loop; collecting the temperature in the furnace, the temperature of each insulating layer and the current,
voltage and power data of a heater; the method comprises the following steps: establishing a heat preservation characteristic reference curve corresponding to
furnace temperature and different heat preservation thicknesses in the initial heating stage of equipment, comparing real-
time data with the reference curve in the operation process, distinguishing abnormal
short circuit and
normal aging of a heat preservation material by combining head and
tail current distribution and resistance change of a
graphite heater, and evaluating equivalent loss of a graphite piece. The
system records multi-dimensional data for a long time through the PLC and the upper computer, predicts the residual life of the
thermal insulation material and the heater, and realizes online diagnosis and early warning of the state of the material in the furnace.