The invention provides a method and device for measuring axial force and lateral force of rod strings in a three-dimensional well. The method comprises the steps of obtaining track measure point data of the three-dimensional well, selecting one rod string between any two data points from the track measure point data to be used as a rod string unit, collecting the curvature, the length, the effective gravity, the inertia moment and the elasticity modulus of the rod string unit, collecting the first hole drift angle, the second hole drift angle, the first azimuth angle, the second azimuth angle, the well friction resistance coefficient, the stroke, the stroke frequency, the liquid dynamic viscosity in an oil pipe, the pump depth and the ratio between the inner diameter of the oil pipe and the diameter of the rod string of the track measure point corresponding to the rod string unit, determining the axial force of the second end, the axial force of the first end, and the lateral force of the unit length of the rod string unit, and determining the axial force and the lateral force of the rod strings in the three-dimensional well. The method can be used for designing and calculating the control measures of oil extraction eccentricity preventing of a sucker-rod pump, and also can be used for force analysis of the rod strings in the three-dimensional well.