The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting signal circuit delay time in an ultrasonic detection device. The method for detecting the signal circuit delay time comprises a microprocessor, a picosecond level timing chip, a wave shaping circuit, a control gate circuit, a filter amplifier circuit, a zero cross detection circuit, an AND gate circuit, a first counter, a second counter, a third counter, a first connecting change-over switch and a second connecting change-over switch. The total time T1, T2 and T3 from transmitting to receiving a primary ultrasonic echo signal, a secondary ultrasonic echo signal and a ternary ultrasonic echo signal are respectively calculated via the picosecond level timing chip, and the delay time phi=T1+T2-T3 of a signal in a circuit is calculated via the T1, T2 and T3. Three discrimination technologies of wave contrast, counting and time limitation are adopted for the three times of ultrasonic echo recognition, so that clutter interference is eliminated, the accuracy of echo is ensured, and the delay time of the ultrasonic signal in the circuit can be accurately obtained.