The invention relates to a low-orbit satellite-borne GNSS precise orbit determination method and system based on inter-position dynamic constraints. The method comprises the steps of obtaining GNSS precise ephemeris, a clock difference file, low-orbit satellite attitude data and satellite-borne GNSS observation data, obtaining a low-orbit satellite orbit pseudo-range solution, calculating the inter-position dynamic constraints of a low-orbit satellite, and calculating an approximate low-orbit satellite prior orbit; and performing data editing on satellite-borne GNSS observation data, establishing an orbit determination observation model and a random model in combination with dynamic constraints, and resolving a low-orbit satellite precision orbit to realize satellite-borne GNSS precision orbit determination of the low-orbit satellite. According to the method, the error model of the orbit dynamics model is adopted to consider the influence of the error on orbit determination, a complexhigh-precision satellite orbit dynamics model is not needed while the orbit determination precision is ensured, and unknown dynamics parameters or pseudo-random parameters do not need to be estimated;the orbit integral arc section is short, and the calculation efficiency is relatively high; and GNSS observation data with unequal sampling intervals can be processed, and the method is very suitablefor precise orbit determination of low-orbit satellites.