The invention discloses a reservoir fish resource acoustics investigation method. The method comprises the steps that (1), multi-mesh combination gill nets are designed; (2), the length of cruising paths is designed; (3), the cruising paths are designed; (4), net points are designed and laid, water surface sub-areas are designed, and the multi-mesh combination gill nets are laid in all the sub-areas; (5), underwater acoustics data are collected, and acoustics evaluation data of a reservoir fish resource are obtained; (6), fish samples are collected, the multi-mesh combination gill nets are laid in all the sub-areas before the sun sets, and statistics is carried out on the species, the body length, the body mass, the quantity and the proportion of catches in all the sub-areas; (7), the reservoir fish resource is evaluated comprehensively, and the underwater acoustics evaluation data and fish sample data are combined for obtaining a result of the reservoir fish resource. The effects of path planning and fish sample collecting in the acoustics investigation of the reservoir fish resource are achieved; the reliable basis is provided for reasonable utilization and management of the reservoir fish resource, and the condition of the reservoir fish resource is evaluated efficiently and fast.