The invention provides a silage harvester automatic knife sharpening device which is characterized by comprising a reciprocating motion mechanism and a knife sharpening feeding mechanism, wherein the reciprocating motion mechanism comprises a guide rail base, two guide rails horizontally installed on the guide rail base, paired sliding blocks installed on the two guide rails respectively, a sliding block plate for fixedly connecting the paired sliding blocks to form a whole body, a lead screw, a lead screw supporting seat, a screw nut, a motor and a pawl; the knife sharpening feeding mechanism comprises a knife sharpening shell, a knife grinder, a worm wheel, a worm gear, a shaft, a feeding sleeve and a ratchet and is connected with the sliding block plate of the reciprocating motion mechanism through the knife sharpening shell; before a knife is sharpened, the knife grinder is in contact with a moving blade of a rotary knife type cutter; and during knife sharpening, the screw nut drives the knife grinder to carry out reciprocating motion under the driving of the motor, and thus a cutting edge of the moving blade on a drum is sharpened again. According to the silage harvester automatic knife sharpening device, the structure design is simple and practical, the manufacturing difficulty and the cost are lowered, operation control is liable, and the working efficiency and the operation quality are improved.