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This invention relates to a method for heterogeneous multi-vehicle collaborative path planning and operation control in fisheries under high sea states. The method includes: acquiring meteorological data from the Yellow and Bohai Seas; fitting the wave surface elevation spectrum from the meteorological data to a modified JONSWAP spectral model, while simultaneously decomposing bimodal features to calculate wave encounter frequency; defining a parameterized roll risk function based on the wave encounter frequency to generate a four-dimensional spatiotemporal cost map containing dynamic resonance risk regions; during the harvesting and transfer process, using an improved A algorithm to perform global path planning on the four-dimensional spatiotemporal cost map, generating a zigzag path; and during the live fish handover process in the harvesting and transfer process, establishing a cost function including a relative motion suppression term, and solving the fixed-berth and dynamic docking of multi-vehicle collaboration through rolling optimization. This invention solves the problems of neglecting wave-induced resonance risk and instability in multi-vehicle dynamic docking, significantly improving the safety and success rate of unmanned operations in large-scale offshore aquaculture facilities.