The invention discloses an anti-thermal-shock thermal barrier coating with low thermal conductivity. Compared with a traditional thermal barrier coating, carbon powder is added, after high temperature calcination modification is conducted, the porosity rate of a ceramic phase can be increased, and the thermal insulating performance of the coating can be significantly improved. In addition, by means of a modification method, Zr<4+> is replaced with Y<3+> and Ce<4+> in zirconium dioxide crystal lattices, oxygen vacancies and local stress fields are produced, the phonon scattering in the crystal lattices is increased, and the thermal conductivity is significantly decreased; the atomic mass of solid solution atoms Ce is far larger than that of Y, the scattering intensity of phonons in the anti-thermal-shock thermal barrier coating can be significantly improved, and therefore the thermal conductivity is decreased. According to the anti-thermal-shock thermal barrier coating with the low thermal conductivity and a preparation method thereof, the preparation technology is simple, the prepared coating is high in surface hardness, low in water absorption, good in toughness, not prone to cracking and layering, high in strain tolerance and long in anti-thermal-shock life, and the service life of the anti-thermal-shock thermal barrier coating with the low thermal conductivity is significantly prolonged compared with a thermal barrier coating of a conventional structure.