A preparation method of the low-thermal-conductivity high-entropy ceramic thermal barrier coating material comprises the steps that A, nitrate of trivalent rare earth elements and acetate of tetravalent metal elements serve as raw materials, and high-entropy ceramic powder of a hollow spherical structure is prepared through a plasma spraying technology; step B, sequentially adding a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and an ethanol solution into the high-entropy ceramic powder for grinding, and then putting the high-entropy ceramic powder into a drying oven for drying to obtain precursor powder; step C, pre-pressing the precursor powder into a disc-shaped or strip-shaped block material, putting the block material into a disposable rubber fingerstall, vacuumizing, and carrying out cold isostatic pressing treatment to obtain a ceramic green body; and D, firing the ceramic body, namely calcining the ceramic body in a muffle furnace, and cooling the ceramic body along with the furnace after calcining is finished. The high-entropy ceramic thermal barrier coating material disclosed by the invention is a pyrochlore phase, and compared with a YSZ material, the high-entropy ceramic thermal barrier coating material has lower thermal conductivity, good high-temperature phase stability and a thermal expansion coefficient closer to that of a base material.