The invention discloses a coal-series kaolin gas suspension calcination method comprising the following steps of: firstly, crushing and grinding mineral raw materials of coal-series kaolin, feeding the mineral raw materials into a spray drying tower for dehydration, and feeding the materials subjected to spray drying into a furnace external heat exchange decomposition system for treatment; feeding the treated materials into a gas suspension calciner for rapid calcination in an intensive fluidization condition, wherein the fluidizing velocity is 8-40m/s, and the calcination temperature is controlled within 600-1400 DEG C according to the requirements of products; carrying out gas-solid separation on the rapidly calcined materials under the action of whirlwind, then, controlling the proportions of materials returned to the gas suspension calciner through a loop seal, and adjusting the total standing time of the materials in the gas suspension calciner to control the calcination quality of a product; and further carrying out whitening treatment on the calcined materials through a furnace-external reburning heat exchange system, and then, feeding the materials into a product cabin. The method is simple in process, high in heat efficiency, good gas-solid heat and mass transfer and narrow in calcination temperature fluctuation range; and the product is stable and uniform in quality, smoke waste heat can be sufficiently utilized, high handling capacity is realized, and carbon impurities and structural water in the coal-series kaolin can be rapidly removed.