The invention discloses a surface enhanced Raman spectrum detection method for a gene based on CRISPR/Cas12a protein. Target virus nucleic acid, Cas12a and crRNA are utilized to form a ternary complex, and a substrate (i.e., ssDNA) in a cleavage system is opened. The ssDNA is a bridging complementary sequence of DNA1 and DNA2 on a probe 1 and a probe 2. Whether the probe 1 and the probe 2 are bridged or not can cause change of SERS signals, so that whether a sample to be detected contains target nucleic acid or not can be known. Accurate and rapid detection of viral nucleic acid can be realized by using the specific crRNA. The CRISPR@Cas12a is combined with the SERS technology, so that the biggest advantage is that a tedious modification preparation process is avoided, and the SERS probe can stably exist for a long time. According to the method, the key step of signal amplification occurs on a solution phase of ssDNA instead of an interface of a nano assembly, so that the method is more stable and higher in trans-cutting efficiency, the sensitivity and repeatability of the detection method can be guaranteed, and the method has important significance in early monitoring, diagnosis, prevention and control of diseases.