The invention provides a combined hierarchical cryptographic mechanism based on pairs. The mechanism comprises the following steps: S1, initializing a root PKG; S2, generating a private key; S3, performing signing; s4, performing signature verification. On the basis of an HIBC encryption mechanism, a combined public and private key idea is introduced, a data storage mode is improved, data transmission is reduced, and the robustness of the system is improved while the information transmission and signature verification efficiency is improved; a combined public key idea is introduced into generation and verification of public and private keys of the layer of the PKG, so under the condition that the PKG of a certain i layer is broken through, only the private keys of the nodes of the i + 1 layer can be forged under the PKG, the security of the nodes larger than the i + 1 layer is not affected, and the robustness of the system is greatly improved. A flat hierarchical identification password encryption and decryption and signature verification algorithm is designed, so the problem of overlong signature or ciphertext caused by interactive transmission of a plurality of PKG local layer public keys is avoided, and a support is provided for signature verification and ciphertext decryption offline optimization.