The invention discloses a system and a method for testing barycenter of a road roller steel wheel and vibration amplitude uniformity of the road roller steel wheel. The system comprises a steel wheel barycenter testing system, a steel wheel vibration amplitude uniformity testing system, a hydraulic system and a control system, wherein the steel wheel barycenter testing system comprises a leveling oil cylinder, a force transducer, a testing platform, a supporting wheel, a horizontal measuring instrument and an angle sensor; the steel wheel vibration amplitude uniformity testing system comprises a front frame support and an acceleration sensor; and the control system comprises a microprocessor module, an analog/digital (A/D) conversion circuit module and human-computer interaction equipment. The method comprises the following steps: testing the barycenter position of the road roller steel wheel: installing, leveling, acquiring angle and pressure signals, and determining and displaying the barycenter position of the road roller steel wheel; and testing the vibration amplitude uniformity of the road roller steel wheel: fixing, acquiring an acceleration signal, and determining and displaying the vibration amplitude deviation delta of the road roller steel wheel. The system and the method are novel and reasonable in design, convenient and fast in use and operation, high in testing efficiency, high in precision, high in practicability and high in popularization and application value.