The invention provides a waste single battery crushing system and process. The crushing system comprises a battery crusher, a low-temperature baking furnace, a first hammer mill, a first linear sieve, a magnetic separation mechanism, a second hammer mill, a cyclone dust collector, a drum sieve, a second linear sieve and a gravity separation system, wherein a first negative pressure adsorption system is arranged above the battery crusher and the low-temperature baking furnace; a second negative pressure adsorption system is arranged above the first hammer mill, the first linear sieve, the magnetic separation mechanism, the second hammer mill, the drum sieve and the gravity separation system; the first negative pressure adsorption system is connected with a waste gas treatment system; and a dust collection treatment system is connected to the portion above the second negative pressure adsorption system and the cyclone dust collector. The waste single battery crushing system integrates crushing of waste single batteries, recovery and disposal of electrolyte, baking of crushed materials, grinding of the crushed materials, screening of magnetic shells, recovery of positive and negative electrode powder, recovery of diaphragm paper, recovery of copper and aluminum foils and dust collection treatment, and the purpose of recycling resources is achieved.