The invention relates to a one-way thrombus removal device, and belongs to the field of medical instruments and apparatus. The one-way thrombus removal device is suitable for removing foreign matterssuch as thrombi in blood vessels, thrombus fragments, blood coagula, blood lipid plaques and atherosclerosis substances, and is also suitable for removing blood thrombi which are formed on the inner surface of an intravascular stent in the human blood vessel and caused endothelial hyperplasia. The one-way thrombus removal device comprises a puncture head, a guiding wire, a catheter, a front balloon, a front balloon liquid guiding tube, a front supporting sleeve, a collection net, a thrombectomy device, a rear balloon, a rear balloon liquid guiding tube, a rear supporting sleeve, a cannula anda negative pressure suction tube; the cannula sleeves the exterior of the catheter, the front balloon is mounted in a front balloon mounting groove, the front balloon liquid guiding tube is connectedwith the front balloon, and the thrombectomy device is arranged on the portion, behind the front balloon mounting groove, of the catheter; the collection net is mounted on the portion, behind the thrombectomy device, of the catheter; a rear balloon mounting groove is formed in the portion, behind the collection net, of the catheter, and the rear balloon is mounted in the rear balloon mounting groove; the negative pressure suction tube is mounted at the position, where the rear supporting sleeve is mounted, in the catheter.