The invention discloses a sound insulation composite material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of material processing; the sound insulation composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120-180 parts of epoxy resin, 10-55 parts of modified hollow glass beads, 80-120 parts of a curing agent, 1-2 parts of an accelerator, and 10-18 parts of a toughening agent. By utilizing the excellent characteristics of low density, high strength, sound insulation, wave absorption and the like of the modified hollow glass beads, the modified hollow glass beads are compounded with the epoxy resin, so that the mechanical property of the matrix is improved, the density of the matrix is reduced, countless tiny cavities are constructed in the epoxy resin matrix, and the cavities endow the sound insulation composite material with excellent sound insulation performance. However, the density difference between the epoxy resin and the modified hollow glass beads is large, and macroscopic phase separation is likely to happen in the compounding process. The sound insulation composite material can block sound transmission and weaken projection sound energy, has the advantages of quite good sound insulation effect, light weight and low product cost, and is particularly suitable for being used as a sound insulation material of an automobile.