This disclosure relates to Machado-Joseph
disease (MJD) or
spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by excessive repetition of the polyglutamine-
coding region in the
ataxia protein-3 (ATXN3)
gene. The extended ATXN3 readily aggregates and interferes with multiple cellular systems, ultimately leading to cellular dysfunction and death in specific neuronal populations. To date, no treatments have been developed that can reverse or
delay the progression of MJD / SCA3. Strategies based on inhibiting harmful
gene products have shown promising results in preclinical studies. However, these strategies do not target the
root cause of the
disease, producing incomplete and / or transient therapeutic effects in target cells or tissues. Recently,
gene-based therapies, including the
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)
system for gene editing, have been successfully used to permanently inactivate and correct
disease-related genes, offering hope for the development of curative therapies for
hereditary diseases.